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过程工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (11): 1241-1247.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.219357

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

超声强化在湿法浸出过程中的应用

焉杰文,李彬,潘德安*   

  1. 北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院,北京 100124
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-03 修回日期:2020-02-17 出版日期:2020-11-22 发布日期:2020-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 李彬 thlibin@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    基于氯化法的废手机线路板中金的超声强化浸出机理及其评价

Application of ultrasonic intensification in hydrometallurgy leaching process

Jiewen YAN, De?an PAN, Bin LI*   

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • Received:2019-12-03 Revised:2020-02-17 Online:2020-11-22 Published:2020-11-20
  • Supported by:
    Mechanism and evaluation of ultrasonic enhanced recovering gold from waste mobile phone circuit boards based on chlorination process

摘要: 湿法浸出作为湿法冶金的重要过程,具有金属回收率高、操作难度低、能耗低等优点,但同时也存在对浸出液浓度要求高、反应时间长、反应速率慢等缺点。因此,通过多种辅助浸出技术强化现有湿法浸出过程是一种有效途径。其中,通过外场加入超声的方式,利用超声的空化作用强化浸出反应过程,可大幅提升浸出反应速率、缩短反应时间,超声强化已在湿法浸出过程中取得一定的研究成果和实际应用。本工作综述了超声空化作用及其在湿法浸出过程中的机理,重点介绍了超声强化浸出工艺特点及其优势,指出了超声自身的局限性,并对其未来在本领域的发展进行了展望。

关键词: 超声强化, 辅助浸出, 空化作用, 湿法冶金

Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous scarcity of primary mineral resources, the decline in mineral levels, and the increase in secondary resources, how to efficiently recover precious metals from raw materials such as primary ore, concentrates or secondary resources is both an environmental issue and an economic issue that needs to be resolved. Hydrometallurgy, as a method of efficiently recovering metals, is leaching raw materials in acidic or alkaline solutions, transferring the metals to the solution in the form of ions, and then using extraction, solid?liquid separation and other means to recover the metals. Among them, leaching, as an important process in hydrometallurgy, has the advantages of high comprehensive recovery rate of valuable metals, higher recovery rate of low-grade ore than pyrometallurgy, and low operation difficulty. It has been widely used in metallurgy. At the same time, the leaching process has the disadvantages of high requirements on the concentration of the leaching solution, long reaction time, and slow reaction rate. To overcome the above disadvantages, it is an effective way to improve the existing metal hydrometallurgical process through various assisted leaching technologies. Among them, by adding ultrasonic to the external field, using ultrasonic cavitation mechanical effects and thermal effects to strengthen the reaction process together, it has the characteristics of improving the solid surface structure, uniform leachate system, and optimizing the reaction history. Compared with the traditional leaching process, the leaching time can be shortened, the leaching rate can be increased, and the amount of reagents can be reduced. The entire leaching process can be performed at room temperature, which greatly reduces the energy consumption. This work summarized the ultrasonic cavitation and its mechanism in the leaching process, highlighted the characteristics and advantages of the ultrasonic enhanced leaching process, put forward the limitations of ultrasonic itself, and prospected its future development in this field.

Key words: Ultrasound strengthening, Assisted leaching, Cavitation, Hydrometallurgy