中美高危险物质管控范畴的对比及启示

doi:10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.20180092

过程工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (S1): 35-42.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.20180092

中美高危险物质管控范畴的对比及启示

高月^1,2，黄飞^1,2*，厉鹏^1,2，张金梅^1,2，刘奥林^1,2

1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司青岛安全工程研究院
2. 中国石化青岛安全工程研究院

收稿日期:2018-03-20 修回日期:2018-07-30 出版日期:2018-11-22 发布日期:2018-11-19
通讯作者: 高月 gaoyue301@qq.com

Comparison and revelation of management category for highly hazardous substances of the United States and China

Yue GAO^1,2, Fei HUANG^1,2*, Peng LI^1,2, Jinmei ZHANG^1,2, Aolin LIU^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Chemicals Safety, SINOPEC Safety Engineering Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China 2. National Registration Center for Chemicals of the State Administrator of Work Safety, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China

Received:2018-03-20 Revised:2018-07-30 Online:2018-11-22 Published:2018-11-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究高危险物质的管控范畴，调研了美国和我国高危险物质管控的相关法律法规及标准，采用统计分析方法对比了两国法律法规及标准中高危险物质管控范畴的共性和差异性，研究了两国相关法规标准中高危险物质目录的范围、临界量设定及分级管理方法，综合了物质目录和危险性判定条件制定的开放的物质范畴更全面；科学制定高危险物质及危险特性的分级管控临界量可提高管控目录的可操作性，根据分级管控临界量制定分级管理方法有利于合理分配安全监管资源.

关键词: 关键词：高危险物质, 管控范畴, 物质目录, 临界量, 分级管控

Abstract: Due to the high inherent risk of the highly hazardous substances, it is very easy to cause heavy casualties and property losses from combusting, explosion, and poisoning accidents if the managements for the highly hazardous substances are not strict or the treatments are improper. Therefore, many laws and regulations relating to the highly hazardous substances have been established by different countries, which formed different supervisory systems of the highly hazardous substances. Accordingly, the management categories of the highly hazardous substances are different in different countries. Among many countries in the world, the United States has established a complete chemical management system with relatively complete laws and regulations. Although the chemical management system has been established in China, the management relating to the highly hazardous substances is still imperfect and has some defects. To study the management category of the highly hazardous substances of China and explore the defects of the management category and propose suggestions to make improvements of the management of the highly hazardous substances, the laws, regulations and standards relating to the highly hazardous substances management of the United States and China have been researched, and the similarities and differences between the management categories of highly hazardous substances of the United States and China have been compared by the statistical analysis. The range, threshold quantities and hierarchical management methods of the highly hazardous substances have been studied. The results showed that the open management category combining the highly hazardous substances list and hazardous characteristics bringed the more comprehensive substances scope of the highly hazardous substances, the threshold quantities of hierarchical management formulated scientifically for different substances and hazardous characteristics provided the more feasible management category of the highly hazardous substances, and the hierarchical management based on hierarchical threshold quantities was more conducive to the rational allocation of safety supervision resources in China.

Key words: Key words: highly hazardous substance, management category, substance list, threshold quantity, hierarchical management

高月黄飞厉鹏张金梅刘奥林. 中美高危险物质管控范畴的对比及启示[J]. 过程工程学报, 2018, 18(S1): 35-42.

Yue GAO Fei HUANG Peng LI Jinmei ZHANG Aolin LIU. Comparison and revelation of management category for highly hazardous substances of the United States and China[J]. Chin. J. Process Eng., 2018, 18(S1): 35-42.

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中美高危险物质管控范畴的对比及启示

Comparison and revelation of management category for highly hazardous substances of the United States and China

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