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玻璃钢/复合材料  
 
2006年 6卷 3期
刊出日期 2006-06-20
过程与工艺
材料工程专栏
综述
流动与传递
生化工程专栏
反应与分离
流动与传递
339 王立;吴平
高温流化床乳化相与浸没表面间传热过程的数值模拟
应用建立的高温流化床乳化相与浸没表面间传热的表面-颗粒-乳化团理论模型，针对9种Geldart B类粒子高温流化床乳化相与浸没表面间的动态传热过程进行了数值模拟，发现在距浸没表面1个粒径范围内，乳化相的不均匀性和温度分布的不均匀性非常显著；随着乳化相在表面停留时间的延长，乳化相与浸没表面间的换热系数减小，在接触时间较短时换热系数下降较快. 对于所用Geldart B类粒子和950℃床温，传导换热系数占总换热系数的85%~45%，辐射换热系数占15%~45%，对流换热系数一般占10%左右；在粒径小于0.6 mm时，对流换热对总换热的贡献相对很小.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 339-346 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 368KB] ( )
347 熊玮;毕学工;周国凡
高炉焦炭层区渣、铁滞留特性的冷态模拟
为阐明高炉下部熔融物的滞留特性，对填料床内液体的滞留量进行了冷态模拟实验研究，考察了液体的粘度、密度和表面张力、填料的粒度和形状及液体的流速等影响因素. 结果表明，液体的粘度越大、表面张力越大、密度越小，则静态滞留量hs越大. 它们的影响程度为密度>表面张力>粘度. 填料的粒度、形状系数和孔隙度越小，则hs越大. 液体流量增加时，hs大的固液组合总滞留量ht仍然较大，因此影响hs的各种因素也是影响动态滞留量hd的主要因素. 得到了无气体流动条件下的hs和hd及气液逆流条件下载点至泛点间ht的计算式，计算结果与实验数据吻合较好. 对于实际过程，不考虑煤气流影响时，高炉内熔融物滞留量的大小由hs决定，焦炭粒度对hs的影响最大.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 347-351 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 326KB] ( )
352 魏伟胜;杨彦文;徐建;范煜;鲍晓军
丙烯腈装置气液分离器的出口结构
气液分离器是丙烯腈生产装置的关键设备之一，用于除去气体产品中的酸雾. 分离器的出口结构是影响分离效率的关键因素之一. 本研究借助通用流体分析软件PHOENICS对气液分离器内流场进行了分析，结果发现，增大液滴向器壁运动机会和减弱二次夹带效应均有利于提高分离效率. 基于此原则，对气体出口结构进行了优化实验，并提出了最佳的分离器双层套筒出口结构. 这种结构与其他几种结构相比除雾效果更佳，不管在低空速还是高空速下都能保持较高的除雾效率，操作弹性较好. 工业应用也表明，采用双层套筒出口结构的气液分离器具有较高的除酸雾效果，优于原分离器.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 352-356 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 255KB] ( )
反应与分离
357 Toyohisa Fujita;Gjergj Dodbiba;Jun Sadaki;Atsushi Shibayama
Removal of Anionic Metal Ions from Wastewater by Hydroxide-type Adsorbents
Generally speaking, anionic metal concentrations in wastewater from industries and mineral processing plants are well above the allowed limits for effluent set by the Ministry of Environment of Japan. Nowadays, the removal of anionic ions has been considered difficult and development of new process is desperately needed. In this paper, we report the development of three hydroxide-type adsorbents, illustrating their adsorption efficiency in removing As, Se, Mo and Sb ions from aqueous solutions. The main finding of this work was that the adsorption behavior was influenced very much by both the pH and the adsorbent concentration. Nevertheless, the newly developed hydroxide-type adsorbents were very effective in reducing the concentration of those anionic ions.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 357-362 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 291KB] ( )
363 谭显东;季清荣;常志东
Partition Behavior of Penicillin in Three-liquid-phase Extraction System
Partition behavior of penicillins G and V was studied in a novel three-liquid-phase extraction system, which is composed of butyl acetate (BA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), ammonia sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] and water (H2O). The main components in the top, middle and bottom phases are butyl acetate, polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and ammonia sulfate aqueous solution, respectively. Some parameters such as partition coefficients Di/j and mass fractions Ei of penicillins G and V were determined at the room temperature, respectively. Experimental efforts have been made to investigate the partition behavior of penicillin in the three-liquid-phase extraction system, including initial concentrations of phase-forming components [PEG and (NH4)2SO4], PEG molecular weight, pH, initial concentration of penicillin. The results indicated that penicillins G and V have the similar partition behavior. They preferentially distribute into the middle phase with the increase of initial concentration of phase-forming components and into the top phase with the decrease of pH, while partition coefficient Dm/b is hardly affected by pH value. The variation of PEG molecular weight has little effect on mass fractions of penicillin. The increase of initial concentration of penicillins G and V could lead to the increase of Dt/b, Dm/b and the decrease of Dt/m, while their mass fractions in all phases were almost independent on their initial concentrations.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 363-368 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 133KB] ( )
369 文利雄;赵旻;程靖;高瑞发;陈建峰
乳状液膜系统稳定性的显微研究及Cr(VI)离子分离效率分析
采用毛细显微摄像技术，对乳状液膜系统的稳定性进行了微观研究并分析了稳定性对液膜分离效率的影响. 实验中将含重金属离子Cr(VI)的工业废水作为外水相，采用TBP-Span80-煤油体系作为油膜相，NaOH溶液作为内水相，制备了单个W1/O/W2型双重乳液颗粒系统，通过显微镜直观、实时地观察不同组成的双重乳液系统的稳定性，同时采用此乳状液膜体系对废水中的Cr(VI)进行了去除实验，将实验与机理研究相结合，通过研究pH值、表面活性剂、载体及内水相组成等对乳状液膜稳定性和Cr(VI)提取率的影响，阐明了液膜稳定性与液膜法去除Cr(VI)的分离效率之间的内在联系. 实验结果表明，在选择条件下，经过一次性处理10 min后，Cr(VI)的提取率可达99.3%以上，残余质量浓度降至0.5 mg/L，达到国家排放标准.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 369-374 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 327KB] ( )
375 王丽娜;齐涛;张懿
Synthesis of Novel Chelating Adsorbents for Boron Uptake from Aqueous Solutions
Two kinds of novel chelating adsorbents have been synthesized to separate boron from aqueous solutions. One is the boron-specific chelating resin, synthesized by the functionalization of macroporous poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co- trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate), with N-methylglucamine. The other is the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous SBA-15 with polyol functional groups, prepared by a two-step post-grafting method. The resin can adsorb boron in almost all pH range, and its maximum uptake capacity reaches 1.15 mmol/g. The present study of the polyol-functionalized SBA-15 shows that the post-grafting is successful and the resulting adsorbent has the uptake capacity of 0.63 mmol/g.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 375-379 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 147KB] ( )
380 韦藤幼;赵钟兴;童张法
解吸-内部沸腾两步法提取黄连小檗碱的工艺及机理
采用解吸-内部沸腾两步法强化植物有效成分提取，首先用少量低沸点解吸剂饱和植物组织，以使组织内部的有效成分充分解吸，然后快速加入温度高于解吸剂沸点的溶剂，使植物组织内部的解吸剂迅速被加热至沸腾，强化传质过程. 对黄连中的小檗碱提取实验结果表明，两步法提取2次只需6 min，提取浸膏中小檗碱含量达到53.3%，颗粒度在160~400 mm范围内对提取效果基本没有影响. 热水温度影响实验发现，当内部沸腾发生时提取速度发生突变. 两步法提取黄连不但比传统法优势明显，而且容易实现，应用前景良好.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 380-383 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 166KB] ( )
384 黄丹;王玉军;骆广生
表面活性剂强化氧化萃取脱硫过程的实验研究
氧化萃取脱硫过程具有工艺流程简单、设备投资少等优点. 针对氧化过程中存在的反应速度慢、氧化剂用量多等缺点，提出了向反应体系中加入少量水溶性的表面活性剂以提高油水接触几率、强化氧化过程的新思路. 以二苯并噻吩-辛烷为模拟体系，磷钨酸为催化剂，双氧水为氧化剂，通过添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，在50℃下可使氧化时间从24 h缩短到7 h，且氧化后油品中硫含量低于10′10-6. 对于实际汽、柴油体系，通过添加表面活性剂，氧化过程中油水相比可从1:1降低为25:1，大大减少了氧化剂用量，且氧化后萃取的单级脱硫率大于50%，优于直接萃取过程的脱硫率.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 384-387 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 190KB] ( )
388 薛娟琴;洪涛;王召启;李林波
Theoretical Study on Sulfur Dioxide Absorption with Citrate Solution
The citrate absorption of SO2 is currently one of the most successful and economic methods to harness sulfur dioxide pollution. In order to theoretically elucidate the mechanism of SO2 absorption by citrate solution and provide theoretical instruction for experiments and industrial process, the theory of multi-buffer solution, combined with computer numerical calculation methods, was applied to study the distribution parameters of the components of the citrate solution in the process of SO2 absorption and the following results were obtained: (1) HCi2- and H2Ci- in the citrate solution played the dominant role in the absorption and desorption processes; (2) Through the calculation for the buffer capacity of citrate solution, it was found that the pH of the absorption and desorption solution should be in the range of 2~8, while at pH=4.5 the buffer capacity reached its maximum. Some valuable parameters were obtained, which are instructive to the ensuing experiments and industrial design.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 388-391 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 113KB] ( )
392 顾正桂;林军;苏复;王琼
复合萃取精馏浓缩二乙氧基甲烷并回收乙醇的模拟及实验研究
设计了DEM和乙醇水溶液萃取分离工艺，以多元醇和水为萃取溶剂，采用对三角矩阵法对该过程进行了模拟计算及萃取实验. 实验结果表明，在板数N=35、原料与两种溶剂进料比为1:1:1时，萃取分离后，塔顶DEM含量达99.6%以上，收率达99.0%以上. 塔底所含溶剂和乙醇水溶液经再生塔处理后，可得到95%乙醇，其他馏分可循环使用. 本研究为进一步中试提供了依据.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 392-395 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 164KB] ( )
过程与工艺
396 严宗诚;陈 砺;王红林
Experimental Study of Plasma Under-liquid Electrolysis in Hydrogen Generation
The application and characteristics of relatively big volume plasma produced with cathodic glow discharges taking place across a gaseous envelope over the cathode which was dipped into electrolyte in hydrogen generation were studied. A critical investigation of the influence of methanol concentration and voltage across the circuit on the composition and power consumption per cubic meter of cathode liberating gas was carried out. The course of plasma under-liquid electrolysis has the typical characteristics of glow discharge electrolysis. The cathode liberating gas was in substantial excess of the Faraday law value. When the voltage across the circuit was equal to 550 V, the volume of cathodic gas with sodium carbonate solution was equal to 16.97 times the Faraday law value. The study showed that methanol molecules are more active than water molecules. The methanol molecules were decomposed at the plasma-catholyte interface by the radicals coming out the plasma mantle. Energy consumption per cubic meter of cathodic gases (WV) decreased while methanol concentration of the electrolytes increased. When methanol concentration equaled 5% (j), WV was 10.381′103 kJ/m3, less than the corresponding theoretic value of conventional water electrolysis method. The cathodic liberating gas was a mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide with over 95% hydrogen, if methanol concentration was more than 15% (j). The present research work revealed an innovative application of glow discharge and a new highly efficient hydrogen generation method, which depleted less resource and energy than normal electrolysis and is environmentally friendly.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 396-401 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 191KB] ( )
402 何凯;陈宏刚
表面改性剂在碳酸化法制备白炭黑过程中的作用
以石灰窑气和水玻璃碳化法制备白炭黑为研究体系，用表面活性剂(改性剂)聚乙二醇PEG(6000)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、羧甲基纤维素的单配和复配对产物进行有机湿法改性，用有机基团取代白炭黑表面活性硅醇基，以提高它与聚合物胶料的亲和性及反应活性. 表面改性剂单配时产品性能(产率、比表面积、DBP吸着率)PEG(6000)最优，羧甲基纤维素其次，十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)最差；表面改性剂复配时产品性能PEG(6000)最优，复合改性剂其次，十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)最差. 实验还考察了表面改性剂单配和复配时产物的粒度分布、电镜扫描图(SEM)及红外光谱图，为制备表面性质优良的白炭黑产品提供基础数据和技术支持.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 402-407 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 261KB] ( )
408 连静;冯雅丽;李浩然;刘志丹;周良
直接微生物燃料电池的构建及初步研究
利用Geobacter metallireducens能够以Fe(OH)3固体作电子受体进行呼吸的特性，用其构建直接微生物燃料电池，初步考察了产电情况和产电原理. 实验证明，Geobacter metallireducens直接微生物燃料电池的电能产出主要依赖于吸附在电极上的细菌. 燃料醋酸钠可以完全氧化至CO2，反应结束后其浓度低于检测下限(<10 mmol/L). 电子回收率达80%，电流密度达704.4 mA/m2.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 408-412 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 508KB] ( )
413 严芳;李春;梁斌
水淬含钛高炉渣二段酸解工艺
对水淬含钛高炉渣的酸解行为进行了研究. 浸出分为两个阶段，前期浸出迅速而后期浸出缓慢. 研究表明，前期主要是包含钛、铝和镁等成分的非晶态物料的溶出，而后期则是被难溶物种包裹的小晶粒钛酸钙的溶出. 因此，设计了一个分段浸出方案. 采用20%硫酸初浸，Al几乎全部浸出，而Mg和Ti的浸出率分别为64%和46%. 对初浸渣进行了强化浸出，发现边磨边浸出可显著提高钛的浸出率. 经两段浸出后，高炉渣中钛的总浸出率达到94%以上.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 413-417 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 219KB] ( )
418 崔玉民;张颖;苏凌浩
从糖精废水中提取金属铜及废水综合利用
利用废铁卷与含铜酸性废水作用制备金属铜和聚合硫酸铁，并用聚合硫酸铁作絮凝剂处理酯化废水. 实验结果表明，1 t含铜酸性废水可制得8.5 kg铜粉及230 kg Fe3+浓度为158~160 g/L的聚合硫酸铁，处理后酸性废水中的硫酸含量降低了83.5%, Cu2+含量降低了85.0%. 在优化条件下，沉降30 min，酯化废水的COD及色度去除率分别达到了86.8%和88.5%.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 418-422 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 191KB] ( )
423 庞海舰;李增喜;王蕾;王正平;成卫国;张锁江
Mo-Bi-Co-Fe基复合氧化物催化剂上叔丁醇部分氧化制甲基丙烯醛
在固定床反应器中系统地考察了叔丁醇部分氧化制甲基丙烯醛催化剂的反应性能. 研究表明，反应温度、原料配比、空速等对催化剂反应性能有显著影响，最佳反应条件为反应温度380℃, O2:IB=3和空速1800 h-1. 在最佳反应条件下进行了1500 h连续实验，叔丁醇转化率保持在83%~87%之间，甲基丙烯醛的选择性保持在73%左右，表明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 423-426 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 190KB] ( )
427 黄祖强;胡华宇;童张法;覃学江;黎铉海
机械活化对木薯淀粉糊透明度的影响
采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化，分别研究了机械活化对木薯淀粉糊透明度的影响和淀粉糊储藏过程中机械活化时间与淀粉糊浓度对其透明度的影响. 并通过X射线衍射研究了机械活化对木薯淀粉结晶结构的影响. 结果表明，机械活化作用时间越长，淀粉糊透明度越高. 这是由于机械活化使木薯淀粉颗粒结晶结构受到破坏，结晶程度降低，最终由多晶态转变成非晶态. 淀粉糊储藏过程(储藏温度4℃)中发生老化是引起透明度变化的主要因素. 机械活化时间为2 h的样品易老化，淀粉糊透明度迅速下降，而机械活化时间达3 h后木薯淀粉则过度降解，淀粉糊透明度下降变慢. 同时还发现，机械活化淀粉糊储藏过程其透明度的变化与糊浓度密切相关，当浓度在10 g/L左右时，机械活化淀粉糊不易老化，而浓度提高到50 g/L后，则老化加速，淀粉糊透明度迅速下降.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 427-430 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 218KB] ( )
431 李小斌;徐华军;刘桂华;彭志宏;周秋生;刘云峰
氧化铝熟料溶出过程中SiO2的行为
对烧结法生产氧化铝熟料溶出过程中的主要相关二次反应进行了热力学分析，研究了溶出过程中SiO2的行为. 结果表明，b-2CaO×SiO2在铝酸钠3种溶液成分中的热力学稳定性次序为NaOH>>NaAl(OH)4>Na2CO3，即NaOH非常难以分解2CaO×SiO2，后两者则明显容易得多；提高溶出温度，只有Na2CO3与2CaO×SiO2的作用有助于溶液中SiO2浓度的增加；NaAl(OH)4和Na2CO3对二次反应的发生起重要作用，而NaOH作用较小；增加游离Na2Ok浓度，溶出液中SiO2浓度逐渐降低；铝酸钠溶液体系中的碳酸钠与水化石榴石的作用较弱.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 431-434 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 255KB] ( )
435 郭素荣;蒋大和;寇刘秀;陆雍森
Analysis on Availability of the Carbon Element in Alcohol Production
According to the concept of circular economy, the mass integration of alcohol production was investigated though the analysis of the carbon element contained in raw material cassava. Through the mass integration, the distillage wastewater turned into carbon resource and produced a great deal of by-product biogas while its chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from 50000 mg/L to not more than 300 mg/L, the local secondary effluent standards, and other by-products such as CO2 (liquidized) and fusel oil were recovered. In the way, the consumption of raw material was only 2.2 tons cassava to produce 1 ton alcohol (96%, j) in the case study, much lower than the average level 2.92 t/t in China. The carbon element balance for production of alcohol was made through testing the concentrations of the carbon element of all mass flows. The results showed that the mass integration helped the availability of the carbon element increased from 44.74% to 64.75%.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 435-438 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 82KB] ( )
生化工程专栏
439 吕颂辉;李英
我国东海4种赤潮藻的细胞氮磷营养储存能力对比
以我国东海海域近年来的4种代表性赤潮藻(硅藻中肋骨条藻和尖刺拟菱形藻、甲藻东海原甲藻和链状亚历山大藻)作为研究对象，测定和对比了其细胞氮磷营养储存能力及藻细胞利用胞内储存营养进行生长繁殖的生长潜力. 结果表明，2种甲藻的RN值(41.5和42.4)和RP值(4.3和10.7)都明显高于2种硅藻的RN值(2.6和6.0)和RP值(2.5和1.2)，4种赤潮藻在生活史策略上的差异决定了我国东海春季甲藻赤潮与硅藻赤潮呈现出演替型爆发的态势；2种甲藻的tN值(5.32和6.81 d)和tP值(2.08和4.31 d)明显高于2种硅藻的tN值(0.56和1.24 d)和tP值(0.53和0.13 d)，2种甲藻的高生长潜力和k-生活史策略都有助于我国东海春季东海原甲藻和链状亚历山大藻伴生赤潮呈现出长时间持续的态势.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 439-444 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 220KB] ( )
445 陈剑锋;陈浩;张元兴;郭养浩;孟春;石贤爱
西索米星发酵工艺条件的优化
考察了氯化钴、蛋氨酸、磷酸盐和可发酵糖对西索米星分批发酵的影响，优化了西索米星分批发酵工艺条件. 研究表明，初始发酵培养基中添加6~10 mg/L氯化钴或1.0~2.0 g/L蛋氨酸有助于西索米星的合成，蛋氨酸在产物合成前期添加的效果最佳. 高浓度磷酸盐会提高发酵液中淀粉水解酶活力和丙酮酸浓度、降低碱性磷酸酯酶活力和抑制西索米星的合成. 应分段控制发酵液中的磷酸盐浓度，在菌体生长期应控制在3.14 mmol/L以内，在产物合成期应控制在0.10 mmol/L以下. 与分批发酵过程相比，当以麦芽糖或淀粉水解液为补料液、将发酵液中可发酵糖浓度控制在8.5~11.5 g/L时，不论采用变流率还是恒流率的流加发酵方式均有助于大幅度提高西索米星发酵水平.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 445-449 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 186KB] ( )
450 李娟;李春;邱柱玉;沈慧慧;刘慧英
肉苁蓉细胞继代培养过程中的褐变控制
肉苁蓉细胞在培养过程中易发生褐变. 通过对褐变前后细胞的多酚含量、褐变强度与多酚氧化酶活性的比较，确定了肉苁蓉多酚氧化酶酶促褐变是肉苁蓉褐变的主要原因. 通过测定不同pH下的酶活性，确定肉苁蓉多酚氧化酶的最适pH为5.8~6.0. 在最适pH条件下，比较了维生素C(Vc)、柠檬酸、Na2SO3等对肉苁蓉多酚氧化酶活性的影响，发现这几种物质对多酚氧化酶活性均有抑制效果，其中Vc随浓度的增大对多酚氧化酶的抑制作用显著，当其浓度达到0.6 mg/L时，多酚氧化酶的酶活降低为最适酶活的5.1%. 进一步在肉苁蓉细胞继代培养中添加Vc配合使用活性炭，优化出Vc-活性炭培养基. 添加1.0 g/L活性炭和3.0 mg/L Vc(附加1.0 mg/L IAA和4.0 mg/L KT)的B5培养基能有效抑制细胞褐变，使细胞褐变程度仅为原来的21%，细胞生长旺盛，最大细胞相对增长量(干重)提高了25.4%.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 450-453 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 208KB] ( )
454 张代佳;高素军;孙亚琴;修志龙
超滤-醇沉法从发酵液中提取1,3-丙二醇
介绍了超滤-醇沉法从发酵液中提取1,3-丙二醇的工艺. 首先通过超滤，菌体、蛋白质与核酸的去除率分别为99%, 89.4%和69%，然后减压蒸馏浓缩发酵液，最后醇沉浓缩发酵液，使核酸、多糖、蛋白质等生物大分子沉淀析出，乙醇加入量与浓缩发酵液的最佳体积比为2:1. 粗产品中总蛋白和核酸与发酵液相比分别减少了97.4%和89.7%，溶液电导率下降了95.8%. 考察了浓缩发酵液的含水量、pH值对醇沉效果的影响及醇沉对发酵液中蛋白质、核酸、盐类的去除效果. 实验发现，浓缩液含水量越低，醇沉效果越好，浓缩发酵液含水量为1%时，杂质去除率达90%以上. 浓缩发酵液pH值的变化对醇沉杂质的影响较大，强碱和强酸条件下可沉淀出大量杂质.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 454-457 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 185KB] ( )
458 吴群;徐虹;许琳
Bacillus subtilis NX-2合成g-聚谷氨酸的立体构型调控机理
探讨了在Bacillus subtilis NX-2发酵生产g-聚谷氨酸(g-PGA)过程中，Mn2+对g-PGA结构中D-和L-谷氨酸组成的影响及其与催化L-谷氨酸生成D-谷氨酸的两个相关酶?谷氨酸消旋酶和D-氨基酸转氨酶之间的关系. 当Mn2＋浓度由0增加到0.09 g/L时，D-谷氨酸比例从18%增加到77%；谷氨酸消旋酶活性从0.200 U/mg变为0.441 U/mg，提高了1倍多，D-氨基酸转氨酶活性则几乎没有变化. 说明谷氨酸消旋酶参与了L-到D-谷氨酸的转化过程，且Mn2+是通过改变谷氨酸消旋酶的活性来调节产物g-PGA的立体组成的，这与目前报道的枯草芽孢杆菌合成g-PGA过程中Mn2+浓度与g-PGA中D-, L-构型比无关的结果不同. 当Mn2＋浓度为0.03 g/L时，发酵过程中生成的g-PGA中D-谷氨酸比例不变，维持在75%左右.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 458-461 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 259KB] ( )
462 Muhammad Nauman Aftab;Abdul Hameed;Ikram-ul-Haq
Biodegradation of Leather Waste by Enzymatic Treatment
The treatment of shavings, trimmings and splits of leather waste from tanneries has a potential to generate value-added products. In this study enzymatic treatment of leather waste was performed. This method utilizes alkaline protease produced by Bacillus subtilis in our laboratory by submerged fermentation. Optimum conditions of pH, time duration, temperature and concentration of enzyme were determined for maximum degradation of leather waste. The amount of degradation was measured by the release of amino acid hydroxyproline. Amino acid composition in the hydrolysate obtained by the enzyme hydrolysis was determined. This relative simple biotreatment of leather waste may provide a practical and economical solution.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 462-465 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 68KB] ( )
材料工程专栏
466 杨建;丘泰;沈春英
先驱体制备富氮BCN化合物的热解过程
以三聚氰胺和硼酸为原料在水溶液中反应合成出了C3N6H6(H3BO3)2先驱体，利用热重-差示扫描量热-质谱(TG-DSC-MS)联用技术及FT-IR, XRD, SEM等对由C3N6H6(H3BO3)2热解制备BCN化合物的过程进行了表征研究. 结果表明，先驱体C3N6H6(H3BO3)2是由C3N6H6分子和H3BO3分子通过分子间氢键作用形成的三维超分子结构化合物. 随热解温度的升高，先驱体中的H3BO3和C3N6H6结构单元逐渐发生分解，同时依次放出H2O, NH3, CO2, NO2等气体. 1000℃之后热解过程基本结束，产物中形成B-N, B-C和C-N化学键，得到B, C, N原子级化合的具有乱层石墨结构的BCN化合物. XPS分析结果表明，1900℃热解得到了组成近似为B3CN3的新型富氮BCN化合物. SEM观察表明，B3CN3具有与先驱体相同的棒状或纤维状形貌，但晶体尺寸较先驱体减小.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 466-471 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( )
472 Tsugio Sato;Yohei Aida;Masakazu Komatsu;殷澍
Synthesis of Nitrogen-doped Titania by Solvothermal Reactions in Alcohols
Nitrogen-doped titania nanoparticles were obtained by the homogeneous precipitation in hexamethylenetetramine- titanium trichloride-alcohol aqueous solutions at 90℃ followed by heating at 190℃. Anatase, rutile and brookite were obtained, where the crystallite size, specific surface area and color greatly changed as 5~50 nm, 20~200 m2/g and light gray to yellow, depending on the solvent and pH. The products after calcination were yellow, indicating doping with nitrogen ion. All colored titania showed photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation for the oxidative decomposition of nitrogen monoxide in air. Especially, the nanoparticles of anatase type nitrogen-doped titania obtained using methanol aqueous solution showed excellent photocatalytic activity.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 472-476 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 340KB] ( )
477 殷澍;Maskazu Komatsu;张其武;李锐星;唐清;Fumio Saito;Tsugio Sato
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Visible-light Induced Photocatalyst with Nitrogen and Carbon Doping
Nitrogen and/or carbon doped titania photocatalysts were prepared by a novel mechanochemical method. The prepared powders possessed two absorption edges around 400 and 540 nm wavelengths and showed excellent photocatalytic ability for nitrogen monoxide oxidation under visible light irradiation. Under the irradiation of visible light of wavelength >510 nm, 37% of nitrogen monoxide could be continuously removed by the carbon and nitrogen co-doped titania prepared by planetary ball milling of P-25 titania-10% hexamethylenetetramine mixture followed by calcination in air at 400?C.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 477-481 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 244KB] ( )
482 傅平丰;栾勇;戴学刚;张建强;张安华
Preparation and Characterization of Three-dimensional Photocatalyst-TiO2 Particulate Film Immobilized on Activated Carbon Fibers
A novel three-dimensional photocatalyst, TiO2 particulate film immobilized on activated carbon fibers (TiO2/ACFs), was prepared by liquid phase deposition. The photocatalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD, BET surface area and photodegradation of methylene blue solution. TiO2 particulate film, with a thickness of nearly 200 nm and grain sizes of 30~50 nm, was deposited on almost each carbon fiber. The inner space between adjacent fibers remained as unmodified ACFs, therefore, both UV illumination and polluted solutions were allowed to pass through the felt-form photocatalyst to form a three-dimensional environment for photocatalytic reactions. With BET surface areas of 400~600 m2/g, the TiO2/ACFs exhibited an enhanced adsorption of pollutants for photocatalysis. Comparative degradations indicated that photocatalytic activity of the TiO2/ACFs was slightly higher than that of Degussa P-25 TiO2. Two special properties, the three-dimensional structure and combined effects of ACFs' adsorption and titania's photodegradation, made contribution to high photocatalytic activity. Additionally, the TiO2/ACFs exhibited high stability and potentially application for practical usage.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 482-487 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 363KB] ( )
487 张艾飞;刘吉平;吕广庶;刘华
Preparation of Isolated Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with High Hydrogen Storage Capacity
Isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes with high proportion of opening tips were synthesized by using alcohol as carbon source. The mechanism of cutting action of oxygen was proposed to explain its growth. Compared with carbon nanotubes synthesized with benzene as carbon source, their specific surface area was heightened by approximately 2.2 times (from 200.5 to 648 m2/g) and the hydrogen storage capacity was increased by approximately 6.5 times (from 0.95 to 7.17%, w) which had exceeded DOE energy standard of vehicular hydrogen storage.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 487-490 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 122KB] ( )
491 李红斌;吉海宾;姚广春;刘宜汉;郭志强;刘振刚
新型Mg-Li-Mn合金的显微组织和力学性能
向Mg-9Li合金中添加0.5%~2%(w)Mn，并在室温下对合金板材进行拉伸测试. 结果表明，Mn能够细化a-Mg相，铸态显微组织由a-Mg, b-Li相及富Mn新相组成，合金板材具有较高的强度和良好的延伸率；随着Mn含量的增加，强度不断提高，延伸率有所下降. 通过金相观察、SEM和XRD分析可知，随着Mn含量的增加，其存在形式由固溶状态转变为以富Mn新相为主，对合金起到了强化作用，进而能够提高强度.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 491-494 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1143KB] ( )
495 席锦会;姚广春;刘宜汉;张晓明
掺杂MnO2对铁酸镍陶瓷惰性阳极性能的影响
为了提高铝电解惰性阳极材料的性能，尝试在合成铁酸镍陶瓷阳极的过程中掺杂一定量MnO2. 采用高温固相反应法在1200℃下烧结6 h，制备了掺杂MnO2的铁酸镍阳极材料. 对掺杂试样进行X射线衍射分析，并且研究了掺杂MnO2对材料密度、导电性及抗弯强度和抗热震性的影响. 研究结果表明，掺杂MnO2后未形成新相，MnO2与NiFe2O4形成固溶体，Mn4+离子取代了部分Fe3+离子，材料仍是镍铁尖晶石结构；掺杂MnO2后，NiFe2O4的晶格产生畸变，说明MnO2促进了烧结，提高了材料的密度；并且由于Mn4+离子取代Fe3+离子，产生阳离子空位，改善了铁酸镍阳极的导电性. 同时MnO2对改善试样的抗弯强度及抗热震性也有明显作用.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 495-498 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 464KB] ( )
499 周丽绘;张利中;刘洪来
晶化温度对介孔材料SBA-15结构与形貌的影响
以P123嵌段共聚物表面活性剂为模板剂，在不同晶化温度下合成了不同孔径和比表面积的六方相介孔氧化硅SBA-15，通过XRD, SEM, N2吸附-脱附及TEM等手段系统考察了不同晶化温度对SBA-15晶胞参数、比表面积、孔径及形貌的影响，得到反应最佳晶化温度为120℃. 随着晶化温度的升高，SBA-15的孔径增大，比表面积下降，团聚体颗粒打开形成散落短棒状. 同时还对温度影响SBA-15结构和形貌的机理进行了探讨.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 499-502 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 327KB] ( )
503 童昕;张振方;卢言成;郑晶静
聚乙烯醇/膨润土杂化水凝胶的力学性能和溶胀行为
利用冷冻-解冻法制备了聚乙烯醇/膨润土杂化水凝胶. X射线衍射结果表明，膨润土以剥离形式分布在水凝胶基体中. 研究结果表明，与纯PVA5水凝胶相比，经过5个冷冻-解冻循环制备的含2%(w)膨润土的杂化水凝胶的拉伸模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别增加了44.0%, 74.2%和25.2%，而溶胀行为与5个循环的纯水凝胶相近. 含0.5%(w)膨润土的杂化水凝胶的拉伸模量和拉伸强度高于基体水凝胶，其在溶胀400 min时的溶胀度高于所有的样品.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 503-506 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 194KB] ( )
综述
507 陈清如;王海锋
Clean Processing and Utilization of Coal Energy
The dominant status of coal on the energy production and consumption structure of China will not be changed in the middle period of this century. To realize highly efficient utilization of coal, low pollution and low cost are great and impendent tasks. These difficult problems can be almost resolved through establishing large-scale pithead power stations using two-stage highly efficient dry coal-cleaning system before coal burning, which is a highly efficient, clean and economical strategy considering the current energy and environmental status of China. All these will be discussed in detail in this paper.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 507-511 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 115KB] ( )
512 王海燕;刘铭;王化军;曹竹安
乳酸生产中的微生物代谢工程
从代谢工程的角度综述了同型及异型乳酸发酵的代谢途径、乳酸菌代谢模型、乳酸脱氢酶在乳酸生产方面的应用、米根霉发酵生产乳酸的代谢工程和基因工程阻断乙醇代谢途径改造乳酸的生产过程等方面的研究进展，讨论了生物信息学及环境胁迫对乳酸代谢的影响，展望了乳酸的微生物代谢工程的发展趋势.
2006 Vol. 6 (3): 512-516 [摘要] ( ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 209KB] ( )
  • ISSN 1009-606X    CN 11-4541/TQ
    主管：中国科学院
    主办：中国科学院过程工程研究所
    出版：中国科技出版传媒股份有限公司
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