The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering

Prediction of Binodal Curve of H2O/DMAc/PSf System by ANN Method

HE Xue-zhong;ZHANG Xiang-ping;LIU Jin-dun;ZHANG Suo-jiang

. 2004, 4(2): 0-0.

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Effect of Ultrasound Frequency on the Precipitation Process of Supersaturated Sodium Aluminate Solution

LIU Ji-po;CHEN Quan-qing;YI Zhou-lan;ZHANG Ping-min;CHEN Qi-yuan

. 2004, 4(2): 0-0.

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The effects of frequency of ultrasound on the precipitation process of prepared supersaturated sodium aluminate solutions of practical concentration were studied experimentally under seeded, isothermal, batch crystallization conditions at various temperatures and initial ak(mole ratio of Na2O/Al2O3). The decomposition and the particle number percentage for size below 2 mm at time of 15 h were compared, particle size distribution and SEM photos of the product aluminum hydroxide were also analyzed. The results indicate that the ultrasonic treatment at 16 kHz can enhance the decomposition rate of sodium aluminate solutions, and also has effects on particle morphology and particle size distribution of aluminum hydroxide precipitated.

Flow Properties of High Sulfur Petroleum Coke in a Strong-mixing Reactor

WANG Tao;LU Chun-xi;SHI Ming-xian

. 2004, 4(2): 97-102.

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A new cold strong-mixing reactor for burning high sulfur coke was designed based on the development of fluidization and the application of correlative new technology. The reactor consists of a mixed zone and a lift zone. Experiments were systematically conducted to investigate hydrodynamic behaviors of the high sulfur coke simulating particles in the mixed zone, with superficial gas velocity from 6 to 20 m/s and solids circulating rate from 20 to 232 kg/(m2.s). The experimental results demonstrated that the mixed zone can be divided into two sections in the axial direction and two or three regions in the radial direction. A Uniformity Index of the Radial Distribution(UIRD) was proposed to characterize radial flow structures for solids local density and particle velocity.

Single-step Purification of Lysozyme by an Expanded Bed with Streamline SP

ZHAO Xue-yan;TONG Xiao-dong;SUN Yan

. 2004, 4(2): 103-108.

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This work is concerned with the development of a single-step process for purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white solution by expanded-bed adsorption. The bed expansion behavior and liquid-phase axial dispersion in the expanded bed with Streamline SP in XK16 column were examined. The results indicated that the expanded-bed system was highly efficient for protein purification. Static experiments showed that the cation exchanger gave a high binding capacity for lysozyme and the bound protein could be dissociated by increasing liquid-phase ionic strength. Kinetic studies led to the estimation of the effective pore diffusivity of lysozyme and its dependence on liquid phase ionic strength. Then, the expanded bed was applied to the single-step purification of lysozyme from a chicken egg white solution. As a result, a recovery yield of 86.6% and purification factor as high as 62.6 were reached. The study indicates that the expanded bed with Streamline SP is promising for direct lysozyme isolation and purification from crude feedstocks.

Separation of L-arginine by Reacting Precipitation with Benzaldehyde

WENG Lian-jin;YANG Xin;WANG Shi-bin;GAN Lin-huo;ZHOU Jian-xui

. 2004, 4(2): 109-113.

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Effects of pH, mole ratio of benzaldehyde to L-arginine, NaCl and NH4Cl concentrations, mass ratio of L-lysine to L-arginine and initial L-arginine concentration on L-arginine precipitation yield by reacting with benzaldehyde were investigated. Results show that the maximum precipitation yield(90%) is reached at pH higher than 11 and mole ratio of L-lysine to L-arginine of 1.25, the yield hardly changes with the increase of NaCl concentration but decreases sharply with the increase of NH4Cl concentration, the precipitation yield also decreases with the increase of mass ratio of L-lysine to L-arginine. The initial L-arginine concentration should be more than 15 g/L to keep over 90% precipitation yield.

Generation of Urea Gradient by Electroosmosis Through Ultrafiltration Membrane and Its Application to Protein Refolding

LIU Xiao-yang;HUANG Xing;YAN Ming;LIU Zheng

. 2004, 4(2): 114-120.

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An ultrafiltration membrane-spaced 5-compartment electrolyzer was developed for protein refolding conducted in a longitudinal concentration gradient of urea in the central compartment, as a results of urea transport between central and elution compartment by electroosmosis through two ultrafiltration membranes. A mathematical model describing urea gradient as a function of operation parameters was established and its validity was examined by experiments. The longitudinal gradient of urea can be maintained through a suitable choice of operation parameters based on the simulation. Refolding of bovine serum by the urea gradient established in electric field and by direct oxidative dilution were performed, and evaluated by non-reductive SDS-PAGE and fluoresence spectrum, indicating the structural similarity between the BSA refolded in electric field to that of native BSA.

Effect of Tetrachloroethylene on Sphalerite Leaching

WANG Xing-xiao;PENG Peng;XIE Hui-qin;LU Li-zhu

. 2004, 4(2): 124-129.

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The effects of tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) on sphalerite leaching in FeCl3-HCl were investigated in view of simultaneous mass transfer and reaction, and the leaching models with and without organic solvent C2Cl4 were derived. The leaching experiments and the SEM results show that C2Cl4 is an effective organic solvent for sphalerite leaching in FeCl3-HCl system to be accelerated and for the sulfur to be separated. Adding C2Cl4 in the FeCl3-HCl medium will turn the kinetic model controlled by sulfur layer diffusion with process activation energy of 67.9 kJ/mol into mixed diffusion with the energy reduced to 55.1 kJ/mol when 20 ml of C2Cl4 was added.

Preliminary Investigation on the Culture Conditions of Transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 with hTNF-α Gene

WANG Jing;KANG Rui-juan;TAN Tian-wei;CAI Zhao-ling;CONG Wei

. 2004, 4(2): 136-140.

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Light, temperature, NaCl concentration, nitrogen sources, organic carbon source are important factors affecting the growth of transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 with hTNF-α gene. The growth of transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 was saturated at the level of 100 μmol/(m2×s) light intensity. The optimal temperature for cultivation was 35oC. The range of NaCl concentration suitable to the cell growth was from 12 g/L to 24 g/L, and the optimal was 24 g/L. Transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 could use ammonium or nitrate for its nutritional requirement, but nitrate was the preferred nitrogen source and the optimal concentration was 1 g/L NaNO3. Several organic carbon compounds such as sucrose, glucose, glucosamine were tested. It was shown that organic carbon source promoted the cell growth apparently and 5 g/L sucrose was proved to be the most suitable.

Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Activated Carbon

SHAN Guo-bin;ZHANG Guan-dong;TIAN Qing;GUAN Yue-ping;LIU Hui-zhou;AN Zhen-tao

. 2004, 4(2): 141-145.

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The preparation conditions of magnetic activated carbon were studied by negative pressure impregnation. Impregnated solution was formed by dispersing uniformly magnetic gel in n-hexane. The thermal treatment conditions of the impregnation product were determined by the DTA-TG analysis. The effects of the impregnated solution concentration, impregnated time, impregnated temperature were investigated. The composition and configuration of the magnetic activated carbon prepared were characterized by XRD. The magnetic strength of the magnetic activated carbon was tested by VSM. The changes of specific area, pore volume and pore distribution pattern were analyzed by a specific area and pore volume analyzer between the activated carbon and the magnetic activated carbon.

Preparation and FTIR Spectra of Amorphous δ-FeOOH

MENG Zhe;JIA Zhen-bin;WEI Yu

. 2004, 4(2): 146-149.

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Phase transformation temperature and process of thermal treatment to amorphous δ-FeOOH particles were clarified by differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to preliminary experiments in air, amorphous d-FeOOH is sensitive to heat and directly transformed into a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Further more, during the course of the thermal treatment, tiny FeOOH is produced.

Preparation of Ultrafine Medicine Particles of Salbutamol Sulfate

XU Jing;LIU Xiao-lin;CHEN Jian-feng

. 2004, 4(2): 150-154.

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It is well known that ultra-fine salbutamol sulfate medicine particles have higher bioavailability than larger sized particles. A novel technology to synthesize ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulfate was proposed. In the experiment, salbutamol and sulphuric acid were used as reactants and ethanol was used as the solvent. The effects of concentration of sulphuric acid, reaction temperature, stirring speed and reaction time on the preparation of salbutamol sulfate particles were investigated. The results showed that ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulfate can be prepared and well-controlled under the following conditions: concentration of sulphuric acid 2.5 mol/L, reaction temperature 15oC, stirring speed 900 r/min and reaction time 10 min. The rod-like particles with mean diameter (short axis) of 800 nm, average aspect ratio of 8~20 and narrow size distribution were successfully obtained. The purity of the drug particles is higher than 98% and the yield is 92.7%. The crystal structure of particles was analyzed with IR, XRD and UV. The properties of salbutamol sulfate powders prepared meet the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2000) and B. P. (1993).

Preparation and Characterization of Albumin Nanospheres as Drug Carrier

WANG Kai;MA Guang-hui

. 2004, 4(2): 155-159.

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Mitomycin-loaded albumin nanospheres sized between 60 and 100 nm were prepared by the ultrasonic emulsification-crosslinking method. After the albumin aqueous phase containing mitomycin was emulsified into the oil phase by the ultrasonifier to obtain the nanodroplets, glutaraldehyde was added to crosslink the nanodroplets. The optimal emulsifier was chosen by comparing the stability of emulsion prepared with various emulsifiers. It was found that the most stable W/O emulsion was obtained when Arlacel 83 was used as the emulsifier. The influence of the amount of glutataldehyde on the properties of the albumin nanospheres was investigated. It was found that the yield and drug content of nanospheres and loading efficiency of the drug increased, while the diameter and swelling degree of nanospheres, and the rate of drug release in vitro decreased, with the increase of the amount of gluataraldehyde. The optimal amount of glutaraldehyde corresponds to the ratio of aldehyde group to amino group being 16:1. The drug release in vitro can be divided into two phases, both of which can be expressed with the Higuchi equation.

Direct Heat Integration of Independent Processes

FENG Xiao;WEN Jian;YE Xin-wu

. 2004, 4(2): 160-167.

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The properties of matched streams, the simultaneous operation time, and the distance between integrated processes, are the main factors which determine whether the direct integration is feasible or not. According to whether such synthetic integration is economically better than the separate integration of each process, a mathematical formulation is established. The retrofit of reforming and arene processes in a certain petrochemical factory, which are independent each other, is chosen as a case study. By only considering the simultaneous operation time, two retrofit designs are proposed: one is that each of the two processes is separately integrated by itself, and the other is that the two processes are integrated comprehensively. Under different simultaneous operation hours, the energy-saving effects and the economic profits of the two designs are calculated, and furthermore, the critical simultaneous operation time for direct heat integration of the two processes is obtained. When the actual simultaneous operation time of the two processes is longer than the critical value, the direct heat integration of the two processes is better economically, and otherwise the separate heat integration for each process should be considered.

Achieving and Applying of Automatic Load Control in DCS

MAO Jin-hua;ZHANG Li;LIN Jin-guo

. 2004, 4(2): 168-172.

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In process industry, it is required that the load of production could be adjusted automatically, in order to adapt the need of market. This article introduces mainly the configuration of modules and SFC function block in DeltaV DCS in Yangzi Company, for the sake of reaching the target of automatic load control of the butadiene device. Just with the powerful configuration function of the system control loops reconstruction was finished and the SFC of automatic load control was designed. Finally this paper introduces the achieving of automatic load control in DCS, and its application by sequence control strategy.

Optimization Synthesis of Distillation Separation Sequence Based on Fuzzy Logic Inference

DONG Hong-guang;QIN Li-min;WANG Tao;SHAO Qi-hong;YAO Ping-jing

. 2004, 4(2): 173-177.

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Fuzzy logic inference can reflect the information transmission characteristic of key elements of the natural language. Fuzzy if-then logic interface rules have been induced by the way of abstracting valid parameters, and according to the numerical characteristics of distillation separation sequence synthesis problem, Sugeno fuzzy logic inference has been established. The optimization synthesis method of distillation separation sequence based on fuzzy logic inference has been put forward.

Investigation on Cucumber Scab Resistance with Mycelial Water Extracts from Agaricus blazei Murrill Fermentation

WANG Xiao-yi;QI Hong-yan;ZHANG Hong-xun

. 2004, 4(2): 182-186.

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The optimal formula of fermentation medium obtained by orthogonal experiment were as follows (%): maize amylum 3.50, yeast extract 0.30, KH2PO4 0.20, MgSO4×7H2O 0.15, CaCl2 0.05 and maize plasm 0.20. By the culture at 25oC for 8 d, the maximum mycelial biomass reached 8.65 g/L. The average resistance effect of the mycelial water extracts to the disease of cucumber scab reached 74.04% by spraying spore suspension on yellow cotyledon. The toxicity test showed that the mycelial water extract is a low toxic according to pesticide classification. The mycelial water extract is proved to be a high-effect and low-toxicity bio-pesticide.

Herbicide Metabolism and Creation of Novel Herbicides

XIANG Wen-sheng;WANG Xiang-jing;JU Xiu-lian;REN Tian-rui

. 2004, 4(2): 187-192.

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Activation of some herbicides in plants and the importance of herbicide metabolism to the creation of novel herbicides are reviewed. The combination of herbicide metabolism with novel herbicide creation provides new ideals for designing lead compounds, which is helpful for accelerating the process of exploiting new herbicides and enhancing the probability of new herbicide creation. High effective and low toxic pesticides could also be obtained by changing the structures of parent pesticides based on the high toxic pesticides metabolism and the characteristics of metabolism dynamics.

Thermodynamics on the Carbochlorination of Titanium-bearing Ores

LI Wen-bing;YUAN Zhang-fu;LIU Jian-xun;XU Cong;WEI Qing-song

. 2004, 4(2): 121123-121123.

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The equilibrium compositions of the multi-component, multi-phase and multi-reaction system of carbochlorination of titanium-bearing ores are calculated with HSC, a computational chemistry software. The thermodynamic equilibrium calculation of the reaction system shows that a complete conversion of titanium-bearing ores is feasible at a temperature near 200℃. At temperatures ranging from 800 to 1600℃, the products of the reaction system are all in gaseous phase. Thermodynamic analysis accords with the industrial practice. The simulated results provide reasonable scientific basis for improving suitable technological conditions of the carbochlorination reduction.

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