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过程工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (11): 1577-1586.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.223067CSTR: 32067.14.jproeng.223067

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

小型医疗废物解耦焚烧处理系统的实验验证

刘新华1*， 韩健1， 郝江平1， 李荣2*， 咸虹名2， 胡善伟1， 张楠1， 兰昊1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室，北京 100190 2. 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心，上海 200050
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-14 修回日期:2023-04-09 出版日期:2023-11-28 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘新华 xhliu@ipe.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项

Experimental verification of a small medical waste decoupling incineration treatment system

Xinhua LIU1*,  Jian HAN1,  Jiangping HAO1,  Rong LI2*,  Hongming XIAN2,  Shanwei HU1, Nan ZHANG1,  Hao LAN1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2. Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200050, China
  • Received:2023-03-14 Revised:2023-04-09 Online:2023-11-28 Published:2023-11-30

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摘要： 由于医疗废物对人体和环境的危害性，即使是少量医疗废物也需要及时快速无害化处理，这对那些偏远而分散设置的众多中小型医疗机构十分重要。但是，目前还缺乏有效的小型医疗废物清洁高效处理成套技术，难以实现对其快速无害化和减量化处理的需求。本工作针对现有小型医疗废物焚烧处理面临的燃烧与烟气净化方面的问题，基于解耦燃烧原理设计了一种适宜分散性医疗废物高度集成清洁处理的焚烧炉和系统，并进行实验测试。结果表明，解耦焚烧炉可充分实现医疗废物的高效燃烧、抑制氮氧化物(NOx)和二噁英(PCDD/Fs)的生成；两级湿法小型烟气净化装置可使烟气急速降温以避免二噁英的生成，同时可高效脱除酸性物质和粉尘(PM)。典型混配医疗废物经系统处理后，烟气污染物NOx, SO2, PM, CO和PCDD/Fs等的排放浓度按O2浓度11vol%的折算值分别低于123, 1.8, 38, 53 mg/m3和0.31 ng I-TEQ/m3。新开发的小型医疗废物焚烧处理系统采用燃烧与净化一体化集成设计，结构紧凑，净化效率高，可满足分散医疗机构的日常医疗废物的就地快速洁净处理需要。

关键词: 医疗废物, 无害化处理, 解耦焚烧, 两级净化, 污染物排放

Abstract: Due to the potential negative impact on human health and environmental safety of medical waste, it is of great significance for numerous small and medium medical institutions far away from cities or inland to dispose of a small amount of medical waste harmlessly on the spot. However, there still lacks small-scale packaged technology for the clean and high-efficiency treatment of medical waste, so it is difficult to implement the onsite hazard-free reduction disposal of medical waste. In view of some combustion and flue gas treatment problems confronted in the harmless onsite disposal of a small amount of medical waste, this work designed and experimentally verified an integrated decoupling incineration treatment system suitable for the decentralized disposal of medical waste by using the so-called decoupling combustion technology. The results showed that the decoupling incinerator could facilitate the high-efficiency and stable combustion of medical waste and the suppression of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs). The small flue gas purification facility based on two-stage wet desulphurization technology enabled rapid cooling of flue gas to avoid the secondary generation of dioxins and simultaneous removal of acidic substances and particulate matter (PM). Treating typical medical waste blending in the small integrated decoupling incineration system, the emissions of NOx, SO2, PM, CO, and PCDD/Fs could be lower than 123, 1.8, 38, 53 mg/m3, and 0.31 ng I-TEQ/m3 on the 11vol% O2 basis, respectively. The newly-developed small medical waste incineration treatment system featured a compact configuration structure and high purification efficiency because of its integrated design of decoupling incinerator and purification equipment so that it can meet the need for onsite clean disposal of daily medical waste in the decentralized medical institutions.

Key words: medical waste, harmless disposal, decoupling incineration, two-stage purification, pollutant emission