Abstract: Experimental verification was done on the techniques of ammonium bisulfate and magnesium oxidizers, which were used to decompose ammonium chloride into ammonia and hydrogen chloride. The results showed that ammonium hydrosulfate technique was infeasible due to its low conversion rate, whereas magnesium oxidizers technique was wealthy of further research. The techniques of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and basic magnesium chloride, which belong to the category of magnesium oxidizer technique, were systematically studied. The yield of NH3 could exceed 90% in all the three techniques. In addition, compared with the techniques of basic magnesium and magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide technique had many advantages such as simple process flow, short production cycle and low energy consumption. The yield of NH3 could achieve 95% under the reaction conditions of MgO:NH4Cl (mol/mol)=0.76:1, H2O:NH4Cl(mol/mol)=8.3:1, temperature 110℃, and t=4 h.

Key words: decomposition of ammonium chloride, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, magnesium oxide, ammonium hydrosulfate

摘要： 对NH4Cl分解的硫酸氢铵法和镁氧化物法分别进行了验证性实验研究，结果表明，NH4HSO4工艺NH4Cl转化率很低，不具有可行性；镁氧化物转化率较高，具有深入研究的价值. 对镁氧化物法的MgO, Mg(OH)2和Mg(OH)Cl三种工艺路线进行了系统研究，结果表明，这3种工艺的NH4Cl转化率均可达到90%以上. 与Mg(OH)Cl和Mg(OH)2工艺相比，MgO工艺具有流程简单、生产周期短、能耗小等优点. 当MgO:NH4Cl及H2O:NH4Cl的摩尔比分别为0.76:1和8.3:1时，在110℃反应4 h，氨气收率可达95%.

关键词: 氯化铵分解, 氨, 氯化氢, 氧化镁, 硫酸氢铵