Abstract: Pentaerythritol diphosphonate melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin salt, a novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (IFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus characterized by FT-IR, which was applied to epoxy resin (EP). The thermal behavior and flame retardancy of samples were determined by TG-DTG and cone calorimeter (CONE). Activation energy for the decomposition of samples was obtained using the Broido equation. The resultant data show that for the flame retardant doped EP, average value of heat release rate is decreased by 30.7%, total heat release decreased by 52.2%, smoke and gas release decreased by 42.7%, CO release decreased by 70.5%, CO2 release decreased by 73.5%, and char yield is increased by 19.1%. 30% weight of IFR is doped into EP to get 30.5 of the limiting oxygen index, whose flame retardancy is similar to DOPO. The activation energy for the decomposition of EP is 73.5 kJ/mol while it becomes 83.5 kJ/mol when IFR is doped into, decreased by 10 kJ/mol, which shows that IFR can catalyze decomposition and carbonization of EP.

Key words: epoxy resin, TG, cone calorimeter, flame retardant

摘要： 合成了一种新型廉价高分子膨胀阻燃剂?季戊四醇二磷酸酯三聚氰胺-尿醛树脂盐. 红外光谱表明，该阻燃剂的结构为双环笼状含磷大分子. 将其应用于环氧树脂，所得阻燃环氧树脂采用热重分析、锥形量热仪研究其热解、阻燃性能，并用Broido方程计算热解活化能的变化. 结果表明，阻燃环氧树脂的平均热释放速率降低30.7%，总热释放量降低52.2%，烟气排放量降低42.7%，CO产率降低70.5%，CO2产率降低73.5%，剩炭率增加19.1%，添加30%的阻燃剂可使材料氧指数达30.5，阻燃效果与DOPO类似. 环氧树脂热解活化能为73.5 kJ/mol，添加阻燃剂后其值为83.5 kJ/mol，降低10 kJ/mol，表明阻燃剂对环氧树脂的热解具有催化成炭作用.

关键词: 环氧树脂, 热重分析, 锥形量热仪, 阻燃