Abstract: The gas wave refrigerators were usually designed and operated based on the ideal gas model. However, as the operating parameters of natural gas reservoirs progressively towards higher pressure and higher pressure ratio working conditions, the real gas effect cannot be disregarded any more. In this study, a two-dimensional computational model of a double-opening gas wave refrigerator (GWR) utilizing a multi-parameter BWR equation of state was established, focusing on high-pressure ratio conditions using the Yaha natural gas reservoir in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang as the working medium. The influence of the real gas effect on the wave dynamics and energy transfer processes in the GWR with discontinuous boundary conditions was thoroughly investigated. The numerical results showed that the wave dynamics of the ideal methane gas and the real natural gas were similar under different operating conditions. However, it was observed that the compression waves and expansion waves in real natural gas obviously lagged behind the ideal methane gas. The low-temperature real natural gas was completely discharged earlier than ideal methane gas and the difference between them gradually increased as the pressure ratio gets higher. Specifically, the length of the LT outlet could be shortened by 56.5% at a pressure ratio is 6. Furthermore, the temperature of the real natural gas being discharged was lower than that of the ideal methane gas, so the refrigeration efficiency of isentropic expansion of the real natural gas would be improved compared with the operation in ideal methane gas. The research results on the real gas effect elucidated the mechanism of wave dynamics and energy transfer, providing support for the optimization of GWR design in natural gas ground engineering applications.

Key words: real gas effect, gas wave refrigerator, wave dynamics, refrigeration efficiency, energy transfer

摘要： 气波制冷机通常根据理想气体模型进行设计与制造。随着天然气藏的操作参数逐渐向高压力、高压比工况下发展，真实气体效应已不容忽视。以新疆塔里木盆地牙哈气田真实天然气藏为介质，选取多参数BWR方程，建立了高压比条件下双开口气体波制冷机的二维计算模型，深入探讨了非连续边界条件下气波制冷机内真实气体效应对气波波动和能量传递过程的影响规律。数值计算结果表明，在不同工况下，理想甲烷和真实天然气的波系运动相似，但真实天然气的压缩波和膨胀波明显滞后于理想甲烷。真实天然气低温介质比理想甲烷更早完全排出，在低转速工况下两者之间的差异随着压比增加而逐渐增大，当压比为6时，低温端口的长度可以缩短56.5%。排出的真实天然气温度低于理想甲烷，因此真实天然气等熵膨胀制冷效率优于理想甲烷。本研究成果揭示了真实气体效应对气波运动和能量传递的影响，可为用于天然气地面工程的气波制冷机优化设计提供了支持。

关键词: 真实气体效应, 气波制冷机, 波系运动, 制冷效率, 能量传递