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Table of Content
20 February 2002, Volume 2 Issue 1
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1
Catalytic Cracking of Bio-oil from Biomass Pyrolysis
GUO Xiao-ya; YAN Yong-jie; LI Ting-chen; REN Zheng-wei; YUAN Chuan-min
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Tests indicate that the kinetics of leaching poorly-floated zinc–oxide–ore with ammonia comply with the shrinking un-reacted core model without solid product. By investigating the effects of ammonia concentration, temperature and size of ore on the leaching rate, it was suggested that the leaching of poorly-floated zinc-oxide-ore with ammonia is one of the first order reaction. Its activation energy is 11.1 kJ/mol, indicating that the external mass transfer was the rate controlling step.
Preparation of Super-fine Spherical CaCO3 by the Carbonation Method
XIANG Lan; XIANG Ying; YUAN Hong-xia; WANG Ting-jie
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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The feasibility of preparing super-fine CaCO3 powder by an improved carbonation method was studied. The influence of gas distribution, chemical agents and CO2/N2 mixture on the size and morphology of CaCO3 was investigated. Bubbles with smaller size and gas mixture with higher CO2 concentration are favorable to the formation of super-fine CaCO3. The morphology and diameter of CaCO3 product are influenced obviously by the addition of additives such as ZnCl2, MgCl2 or EDTA .
New Technology for Pd Recovery from Selectively Leached Residue of Waste Palladium Catalyst
YANG Jian-wen;ZHONG Hai-yun;ZHAO Xuan;ZHONG Hui;LI Jian;DAI Yan-yang;MIAO Jian-li
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Amorphous composite powders are prepared by spray drying via nitrate solution precursors, and multiphase zirconia-based ceramics in the form of equiaxed grains are synthesized either by mean of direct sintering of the composite or by mean of sintering after pyrolysis and moulding. The effects of moulding pressure, sintering temperature, sintering period and dopants of Al3+ and Fe3+ on the structure of phases, the size and micrographs of grains are discussed.
Asymmetric Conversion of 1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol by Candida parapsilosis SYB-1
NIE Yao; XU Yan
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Thermal cycle resistance of Al2O3/Ni-Ti/Kovar joints was studied, which were prepared by active brazing technique. The experimental results show that the joint shear strength increases after 200~600~200oC thermal cycles. The phenomenon is analyzed in view of the materials thermal expansion, solder microstructure and cycle temperature. The reason of strength increase is that the annealing effect in thermal cycles reduces the joining residual stress.
Searching Information of Green Chemistry on Internet
GUAN Yi; LI He; TIAN Jian; ZHANG Feng-bao
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Based on the experience of searching the information of green chemistry on Internet and the screening analysis of the searching results from different search engines, the main green chemistry institutions and organizations, some key academic journals, research institutions in universities, and patent search engines related to green chemistry all over the world on Internet are introduced. Moreover, the most effective search engines are recommended to readers.
NOx-suppressed Smokeless Combustion Technique and Application in Coal-fired Kilns
XU You-ning; SONG Wen-li; BAI Yun-ru; ZHANG Jian-guo; LIN Wei-gang; LI Jing-hai
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Superabsorbent resin as a new kind of functional polymer material has been extensively used in agriculture. In this paper, the mechanism of high water-absorbency, characteristics, categories and methods for uses of the polymer in agricultural application is introduced. The mechanism of soil improvement, drought relief and water saving, growth promoting as well as affecting factors on such functions are analyzed. The topics for research and future trend are discussed.
Prediction of Solids Holdup Time Series of a Gas–Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed
LI Xiao-xiang; SHI Yan-fu; HUANG Wei-xing; YU Hua-rui; ZHU Jing-xu
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Gas–liquid flow in bubble columns is studied by taking dispersed bubbles and liquid as co-existing continua. The mathematical models of gas hold-up distribution and the liquid circulation are developed under the assumptions that the gas phase is non-Newtonian and there is no frictional force between gas and liquid phases. The calculated results are coincident with experimental data satisfactorily.
Physical Modeling of the Vortex Phenomenon in Continuous Casting Mould
LEI Hong; ZHU Miao-yong; HE Ji-cheng
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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The two-step leaching technique was used to extract silver from manganese-containing silver ore. In the first step the ore was leached with a binary ore process to resolve manganese oxide and expose the fresh silver ore, using pyrite as reductant. The manganese leaching reached 98% and the leaching conditions are: leaching temperature 95oC, leaching time 5 h, pyrite: manganese ore=0.28. When the ultrasonic wave at the rate of 40 kHz is applied to the reaction system, the leaching time can be reduced by 50% and the pyrite consumption amount is decreased by nearly 20%. Then, the leaching residue was treated to extract silver and the recovery was 95%.
Characteristics and Active Energy for the Precursor of Lithium Manganese Oxides
ZHAO Ming-shu; SONG Xiao-ping; ZHAI Yu-chun; TIAN Yan-wen
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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The effect of ultrasonic wave on the crystallization of ammonium molybdate aqueous solution was studied. The crystalline and thermochemical property under ultrasonic effect were discussed. It is indicated that ultrasonic has a great effect on the reaction system of preparing b-type ammonium tetramolybdate. The crystallization time was shortened from 1~2 d to 10~20 min under ultrasonic and the crystalline form became microcrystal-type under ultrasonic. The total energy and condensation of atoms of H2Mo7O244– and [(MoO2)(MoO3)x–1]2+(x=1, 2, 3) were computed at the HF/ 3–21G, STO–3G level, and their geometrical structures were optimized using the molecular mechanics optimization method. The calculation results show that the reason of transformation from H2Mo7O244– to [(MoO2)(MoO3)x–1]2+ at pH 2.3~2.5 is the effect of ultrasonic. All ab initio calculations were performed with the Gaussian–98 program.
Harvesting Spirulina Cells by Foam Flotation Technique on a Laboratory Scale
ZENG Wen-lu; LI Hao-ran; LI Bao-hua; CONG Wei; CAI Zhao-ling; OUYANG Fan
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Taking Spirulina cells as the model, experiments were carried out on a novel and effective slant-armed bubble column to investigate the feasibility of foam flotation of micro-algal cells. The effects of a number of operation parameters such as carrying-gas flow rate, solution pH value, concentrations of ethanol and Tween 20 on the enrichment ratio and recovery of cells were examined and some useful data were presented.
Alkylation Reaction of Thiophene with Olefins over Acid Catalyst of AlCl3 Supported Resins
LUO Guo-hua; XU Xin; YANG Chun-yu TONG Ze-min; PENG Shao-yi
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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A gold leaching process for an acid leached residue from an arsenic refractory gold concentrate in lime slurry under pressurized oxygen is investigated. The residue contains 17.4% of elemental sulfur. The experimental results show that the optimum quantity of lime added to the leaching solution should ensure the mole ratio of elemental sulfur to OH– in the range of 0.8 to 1.1. In 3 to 5 h, 90% of gold is leached at 85°C under 0.1 to 0.3 MPa oxygen pressure with the optimum lime addition in the solution. The thiosulphate produced from elemental sulfur in lime solution during oxygen leaching might be the major complexing agency for gold leaching.
Influence of KCl Concentration on Chitin Deacetylation in Microwave Field
YANG Zhen-qiu; SONG Bao-zhen; OUYANG Fan
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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The liquid–liquid equilibrium data for two ternary systems, tetrahydrofuran–water–KF and tetrahydro- furan–water–K2CO3, at relatively high concentrations of salts, were measured at 25oC. The calculation of the liquid–liquid equilibrium were carried out using the Pitzer theory and the NRTL equations. The correlation and experimental data are found in good agreement.
Preparation of Ultrafine Co Powder from Basic Co(OH)2 Slurry by Hydrogen Reduction
YU Ke-ning; MAO Ming-hua; LIANG Huan-zhen; XU Ju
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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The kinetic model of thrombolytic enzyme fermentation was studied in a 10 L auto-controlled bioreactor with Bacillus subtilis HL-986. Under the DO-stat batch culture condition, a set of unstructured kinetic models on biomass, reductant sugar consumption and thrombolytic enzyme production was proposed.
Variable-mass Flow through the Vertical Perforated Channels
XU Zhi-gang; YU Feng; LI Rui-jiang; WU Yong-qiang; ZHU Zi-bin; ZHANG Cheng-fang
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Silicon powder is an important raw material for direct synthesis of dimethyl-dichlorosilane in a fluidized bed reactor. It has wide size distribution and non-spherical shape, and it is necessary to investigate the silicon powder fluidization properties. A simple method has been proposed to predict the minimum fluidization velocity Umf from the pressure fluctuation of single and binary particle systems sieve-screened from silicon powders. The standard deviation of pressure fluctuations is found to increase linearly with the increase of the superficial gas velocity. Umf can be determined by extrapolation to the condition of zero standard deviation. Umf determined by the proposed method agrees well with that by the classical method from the pressure drop changes.
The Source of Copper in Electrochemically Produced Cu2O and Its Elimination
WANG Zhi-yong; CUI Shun; KANG Zhi-jun; LIU Ying
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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To improve the quality of cuprous oxide produced by electrochemical reduction, the source, mechanism and elimination of metal copper in Cu2O is investigated. The metal copper in Cu2O came from the cathode reaction: Cu2O + H2O + 2e = 2Cu0 + 2OH–. K2Cr2O7 and diaphragm were used separately to decrease the content of Cu0 in Cu2O product, and significant improvement was resulted.
Gas-stripping Fermentation Experiment Coupled with Carrier Gas Distillation for Ethanol Production
QIN Qing-jun; JIA Hong-fei; WANG Yu-xin
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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A new process for ethanol production is proposed in which gas stripping fermentation is coupled with carrier gas distillation. Fermentation usually needs to be operated at low temperature while distillation requires large amount of evaporation. The circulation of carbon dioxide meets both requirements and makes the coupling of fermentation with distillation possible. The feasibility of the proposed process was experimentally verified using an air-lift fermentor with a plate type distillation column on the top.
Cathodic Reduction of Zn Complex Ion in the ZnCl2–NH4Cl Electrolyte
MA Chun; YU Zhong-xing
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Electrochemical Behavior of Copper in HNO3 Aqueous Solution Containing BTA during CMP
HE Han-wei; HU Yue-hua; HUANG Ke-long
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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Influences of HNO3, H2O2 and BTA concentrations on filming of copper surface and CMP process were studied by electrochemical methods. Cu EIS in various media were examined. Relations of corrosion current density to polishing pressures and rotative rates were investigated. Changes of corrosion potential and polarization curves were explored. Electrochemical mechanisms of CMP were explained by changes of electrochemical variables such as corrosion potential and corrosion current density. The formula of 1% HNO3+1% BTA+0.2% H2O2+5% g-Al2O3 was confirmed to be feasible and reasonable.
A MINLP Model of Eco-Industrial Parks
CHEN Ding-jiang; LI You-run; SHEN Jing-zhu; HU Shan-ying
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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The design and management of eco-industrial park (EIP) should be conducted based on quantitative analysis, for which the principles and methods are needed to be developed. By means of deterministic mathematical programming, a model for EIP decision is developed with an object oriented method in this paper. Logical proposition expressions are introduced into the model, so that the decision in the course of EIP design and management can be formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The model consists of two kinds of blocks: member models and connection models. These blocks form a modular architecture, by which EIP scenarios with different topological structure are represented. It is easy to expand, modify, reuse the EIP model, and can be used as the kernel model in EIP decision making. A case study of a prototype EIP in Zaozhuang City, China is illustrated. Three mass and energy integrated scenarios are studied. The MINLP model is solved by LINGO software.
Pressure Drop Characteristics of Vertical Dilute-phase Gas Conveying
JING Shan; JIANG Pan-liang; HU Qing-yuan; WANG Jin-fu; JIN Yong
. 2002, 2(1): 0-0.
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A novel separator for gas–solids co-current down-flow reactors patented by Kwauk et al. is studied. The influence of operating conditions (gas velocity and solid circulating rate) and the structure on separator efficiency is investigated in a f37 mm downer. The experimental results show that under gas velocity 1~5 m/s and solids circulating rate 20~90 kg/(m2.s), the separator efficiency is above 99%, and the pressure loss is below 500 Pa.
