Volumn Content

The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering 2009 Vol.9 Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Transport of Copper(II) Ion in Supported Liquid Membrane ZHENG Hui-dong WU Yan-xiang XUE Hang-yan REN Qi-long    2009, 9 (1): 1-6.   Abstract （1340）      PDF （228KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save Transport of Cu2+ through supported liquid membrane (SLM) using Celgard 2500 as support and LIX984 dissolved in kerosene as carrier was studied. Based on double membrane theory, a transport rate model was used to describe the transport process under steady state. When the acid concentration in stripping solution was over 2 mol/L, the mass transfer resistance of stripping side could be neglected. The variation of separated mass transfer coefficient, km, in the membrane could be used to describe the degradation of SLM. During the process of mass transfer, km increased at the beginning and then decreased gradually. Moreover, the carrier was more inclined to lose than the kerosene diluent. The influences of operation conditions on the mass transfer and membrane liquid loss were also investigated. The results showed that the initial mass transfer flux J0 increased with the increase of initial concentrations of carrier and Cu2+, and initial pH value in feed solution. The loss of membrane liquid increased with the increase of carrier concentration in membrane liquid and the decrease of copper concentration in feed solution. However, the pH value had little influence on the loss of membrane liquid. Related Articles | Metrics Select Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in a Four Twisted Elements Static Mixer WU Jian-hua ZHANG Jing GONG Bin    2009, 9 (1): 7-11.   Abstract （1421）      PDF （754KB）（556）       Knowledge map    Save Four twisted elements were installed in a tube as static mixer and numerical simulation method was used to study its turbulent flow and heat transfer therein. The results show that compared with SK static mixer, the new static mixer could increase heat transfer efficiency by about 20% within 104≤Re≤105. The results were analyzed by applying the field coordination theory. The reason for the improvement with the new static mixer is that there are eight longitudinal vortices, which can promote heat transfer. The rotation of the adjacent vortices is opposite each other. The size of the vortices rotating in the same direction as the twisted elements is nearly equal to the radius of the twisted elements while the size of the vortices rotating in contrary to the direction of the twisted elements is slightly less than the radius. Compared with the SK static mixer, the coordination between velocity field and the temperature field is significantly improved, although the gradient of temperature and the velocity of secondary flow near wall are almost the same, and the velocity of secondary flow at the center of the tube decreases. Related Articles | Metrics Select Adsorption Behavior of Citric Acid on Resin of Chitosan Microspheres LI Hai-yan WANG Dong-feng YU Li-na LIU Bing-jie ZHANG Li XU Ying    2009, 9 (1): 12-17.   Abstract （1362）      PDF （234KB）（468）       Knowledge map    Save The resin of chitosan microspheres (RCM) was prepared by using reverse phase suspension cross-linking polymerization. Static adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of citric acid on RCM. The results indicated that the adsorption of citric acid followed the Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir equilibrium constant (Kb) increased with increasing temperature. The adsorption was a non-spontaneous endothermic process of entropy increasing in thermodynamics of adsorption. The adsorption potential decreased gradually as citric acid concentration increased at the same temperature, and it increased as temperature increased at the same initial concentration of citric acid. The saturated adsorption capacities of citric acid on RCM were 77.0, 80.5 and 84.7 mg/g at 298, 308 and 318 K. The adsorption followed a second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption rate was controlled by the intraparticle diffusion, and the intraparticle diffusion rate constant (K) increased with increasing temperature. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Water Vapor Content in Flue Gas on Temperature Swing Adsorptive Flue Gas Desulphurization Process Using Activated Carbon GAO Ji-xian WANG Tie-feng WANG Guang-run WANG Jin-fu    2009, 9 (1): 18-22.   Abstract （1600）      PDF （423KB）（887）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of water vapor content in flue gas on adsorption of SO2 using ZL50 activated carbon for flue gas desulphurization and denitrification processes by temperature swing adsorption technology was studied by dynamic adsorption experiments. The SO2 adsorption behaviors with water vapor in the flue gas were analyzed. The experimental results were discussed based on mathematical models. The factor of water vapor content was included into the modified Bangham model for predicting the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of SO2, and a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data was obtained. The results indicate that the desulphurization rate, SO2 adsorption capacity, SO2 equilibrium adsorption capacity, and adsorption rate increase with the increase of water vapor content, with the maximum SO2 equilibrium adsorption capacity being 73.00 mg/g approximately within the water vapor content range of 0.07~0.10. Related Articles | Metrics Select Experimental Study on Rising Behavior of Oil Droplets in Oil-Water Gravity Separation Process SUN Zhi-qian WANG Zhen-bo WU Cun-xian JIN You-hai    2009, 9 (1): 23-27.   Abstract （1302）      PDF （192KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save General concentration, particle concentration and middle grain size distribution of oil droplets in oil-water gravity separator are measured, and rising behavior of oil droplets in different separating areas analyzed. The experimental result demonstrates that in the entrance area, oil-water mixture has larger turbulence and fully lognitudinal mixing, oil comparative concentration is above 0.9 where the area is higher than 100 mm. Oil concentration is high in tilting plate and flat plate area, where small oil droplets coalesce into large ones, their middle grain size obviously increases from 10 mm to larger than 30 mm at the height of 50 mm. The renewing velocity of oil film in the flat plate area is slow and its fluidity poor, which results in the coalescence effect is inferior to the tilting plate area. Flow field in the gravity sedimentation area is comparatively steady, where oil comparative concentration is about 0.4~0.6, large oil droplets have already reached the top oil layer and separated. In front of the oil separated plate there are revolved flow and back mixing phenomena, oil comparative concentration approximately increases by 0.02 and middle grain size increases by about 1 mm in partial areas. Related Articles | Metrics Select Separation and Enrichment of Flavone from Ginkgo biloba Leachate by Solvent Sublation LIU Meng WU Zhao-liang; SUN Jiang-na HAN Bing QIAN Shao-yu    2009, 9 (1): 28-32.   Abstract （1298）      PDF （195KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save Solvent sublation was applied to separate and enrich flavone from Ginkgo biloba leachate system. The effects of solvents, volumetric ratio of solvent to aqueous solution (Vs/Vi), type and concentration of surfactant, pH, gas flow rate and sublation time on the floatation efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the optimized operating conditions were octanol as sublation solvent, Vs/Vi value at 1:10, concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate at 100 mg/L, pH value at 3.0, gas flow rate at 100 mL/min and sublation time for 60 min. Under the above conditions, the enrichment ratio and recovery rate of flavone reached 5.73 and 59.76%, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics Select Formation of Coagulation Dynamic Membrane and Pollutants Removal at Constant Pressure XU Chun-hua GAO Bao-yu CAO Bai-chuan YUE Qin-yan LU Lei CHENG Dan-dan    2009, 9 (1): 33-37.   Abstract （1236）      PDF （364KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the relationship of operation time (t), accumulative effluent volume (V), t/V, and flux rate, the dynamic membrane formation and pollutants removal were investigated. In this reactor, contaminated river water was treated when non-woven fabric material was used as support medium and polyaluminum chloride selected as an effective coagulant. The results showed that the dynamic membrane formation time was 120 min at 4 cm water head drop, and 70 min at 8 cm one, the stabilized flux was similar. In the formation of dynamic membrane, the support medium was firstly covered with bigger particles than its aperture, then the jam and sedimentation of smaller particles in the cores. The pollutant removal showed that COD removal rate was 75%~71%, and the total P about 81%, the dynamic membrane had better particle removal capability. Related Articles | Metrics Select Degradation of Malachite Green in Aqueous Solution by Ca2+/H2O2 SHI Hui WU Zhao-liang; LU Ke ZHAO Yan-li;    2009, 9 (1): 38-42.   Abstract （1305）      PDF （234KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save The degradation of malachite green (MG) solution (4 mg/L) was improved by Ca2+/H2O2 at pH 7.0. Its oxidation was carried out at different H2O2 concentrations, temperatures and Ca2+ concentrations. The results showed that the decolorization rate of MG was promoted from 20% to 98% by adding Ca2+. The higher the concentration of H2O2, the higher the degradation rate of MG in early 10 min. When the molar ratio of H2O2 to Ca2+ was more than 5, the decolorization rate could reach 98% in 2 h. The higher the temperature, the higher the decolorization rate. Moreover, when ascorbic acid as oxidation inhibitor (VC) was added, the improvement of decolorization rate was restrained. When the concentration of ascorbic acid was 1 mg/L, the degradation rate of MG was 0. So the oxidative activation existed in the system of Ca2+/H2O2. Under both conditions of darkness and sunlight catalysis oxidations, the degradable time was shortened by adding Ca2+, indicating that the degradation of MG was catalyzed by Ca2+. Related Articles | Metrics Select Kinetic Study on Synthesis of Glycerol Triacetate Catalyzed by Zirconium-loaded Sulfuric Acid LIU Qun XIAO Guo-min GAO Li-jing    2009, 9 (1): 43-46.   Abstract （1311）      PDF （202KB）（434）       Knowledge map    Save Equation of reaction kinetics was established after investigating the esterification kinetics of acetic acid and glycerin by catalysis of zirconium-loaded sulfuric acid. The effects of reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, reaction time and molar ratio of reaction materials were also studied, the activation energy of reaction E was determined as 113.245 kJ/mol in the temperatures from 100 to 130℃. The optimum conditions were obtained: reaction time 10 h, amount of catalyst for the quality of glycerin 5%(w), molar ratio of glycerin to acetic acid 1:8, under which the yield of glycerol triacetate reached 93.8%. Related Articles | Metrics Select Influential Factors of Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Thermally Treated Sewage Sludge Junxin liu    2009, 9 (1): 47-52.   Abstract （1394）      PDF （224KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save Four influential factors of fermentative hydrogen production from thermally treated sewage sludge were investigated, including thermal treatment time, sludge concentration, initial pH and headspace rate of reactor. The performance of thermally treated sludge was affected by the treatment time, which resulted in different substrates for fermentative hydrogen production. And 5 min at 121℃ was optimal for high hydrogen yield, but longer treatment time than that was negative. The highest hydrogen yield of thermally treated sludge occurred in the initial pH value range of 6.5~8.0. The value less than 6.5 was unfavorable. The headspace of reactor at 51.61% was optimal for hydrogen yield from thermally treated sludge by batch experiment. The highest hydrogen yield occurred at the sludge concentration of 7.81 g VSS/L. The optimal hydrogen yield of thermally treated sludge was 19.57 mL/g VSS. Related Articles | Metrics Select Influences of Feedstock Proportion and pH Value on Anaerobic Co-digestion of Kitchen Waste and Waste Paper FANG Wei SUN Yong-ming YUAN Zhen-hong ZHANG Yu KONG Xiao-ying LI Lian-hua    2009, 9 (1): 53-58.   Abstract （1352）      PDF （239KB）（516）       Knowledge map    Save Using kitchen waste and waste paper as anaerobic co-digestion material, the influences of feedstock proportion (ratio of kitchen waste to waste paper at 100:0, 83:17 and 62:38, calculated by volatile solid) and pH value adjustment (6.5, 7.2 and 7.9) in the acidification stage on anaerobic digestion stability and performance was investigated. Experimental results showed that the proportion of 100:0 can not realize stable methane production due to the inhibition of volatile fatty acids. For the proportion of 83:17, methane yields were 313, 346 and 360 mL/g VS for three digestions with adjusting pH value at 6.5, 7.2 and 7.9 in the acidification stage. Methane contents of three digestions were 70%~80%. COD reductions were 86.3%, 93.2% and 95.2%. For the proportion of 62:38, methane yields were 97, 247 and 279 mL/g VS respectively, methane contents were 70%~80% for pH adjustment at 7.2 and 7.9 (60%~70% for pH adjustment at 6.5), COD reductions were 32.6%, 80.5% and 86.8%. Compared with pure kitchen waste, the anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and waste paper could avoid the inhibition of volatile fatty acids and improve good performance of digestions. Related Articles | Metrics Select Decomposition of Ammonium Chloride for Production of Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride ZHAI Guang-wei HAN Ming-han LIANG Yao-zhang GAO Guang-hua    2009, 9 (1): 59-62.   Abstract （1583）      PDF （202KB）（627）       Knowledge map    Save Experimental verification was done on the techniques of ammonium bisulfate and magnesium oxidizers, which were used to decompose ammonium chloride into ammonia and hydrogen chloride. The results showed that ammonium hydrosulfate technique was infeasible due to its low conversion rate, whereas magnesium oxidizers technique was wealthy of further research. The techniques of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and basic magnesium chloride, which belong to the category of magnesium oxidizer technique, were systematically studied. The yield of NH3 could exceed 90% in all the three techniques. In addition, compared with the techniques of basic magnesium and magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide technique had many advantages such as simple process flow, short production cycle and low energy consumption. The yield of NH3 could achieve 95% under the reaction conditions of MgO:NH4Cl (mol/mol)=0.76:1, H2O:NH4Cl(mol/mol)=8.3:1, temperature 110℃, and t=4 h. Related Articles | Metrics Select Components of Off-gas Produced by a Carbothermal Chlorination of Titanium Slag XIONG Shao-feng TYUAN Zhang-fu XU Cong XU Cong    2009, 9 (1): 63-68.   Abstract （1241）      PDF （505KB）（419）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the thermodynamic calculation of carbothermal chlorination of titanium slag, the effects of carbon/TiO2 ratio, chloride amount and temperature on equilibrium CO/CO2 molar ratio (qEq) in off-gas released from chlorination reactor were investigated. The experiment was done using a novel combined fluidized bed as chlorination reactor to obtain the corresponding experimental CO/CO2 molar ratio (qEx) 0.2~0.3. The comparison of qEx, qEq and reference data (qRe) further indicated that qEx was close to qRe (about 0.5), but different from qEq (≥4.3), being consistent with anticipation of qEx for the combined fluidized bed. Based on phase analysis of slag, the difference between qEx and qEq was mainly attributed to short retention time (about 1 s) of materials in the bed, which led to non-equilibrium state for carbothermal chlorination of titanium slag, and carbothermal chlorination of oxide impurities contained in the slag, such as CaO, MgO and SiO2. Related Articles | Metrics Select Industrial Metabolism of Chlorine in China YANG Ning CHEN Ding-jiang HU Shan-ying LI You-run JIN Yong    2009, 9 (1): 69-73.   Abstract （1272）      PDF （216KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save A quantitative element flow network of China's chlorine industrial metabolism in 2005 from resource exploitation, product processing to consumption and final emission was built based on broad and systematic information and data analysis. Further analysis to the metabolism network gave out the detailed evaluation of consumption, utilization and wasting rates of chlorine element, and indicated the final emission of waste to environment after consumption. In this study, current chlorine element metabolism in China was systematically recognized, which would be an important foundation for further proposing sustainable development strategy of chlorine industry in China. Related Articles | Metrics Select Phase Equilibrium of Quaternary NaCl-CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O System at 15℃ ZHANG Chao GUO Kang-ning CAO Ji-lin    2009, 9 (1): 74-78.   Abstract （1386）      PDF （216KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the synthesis production process of urea peroxide, the phase equilibrium data of quaternary NaCl-CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O system and its subsidiary system of CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O and NaCl-CO(NH2)2-H2O were measured at 15℃ by means of isotherm. The results of phase diagram analysis, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction indicated that sodium chloride and urea additive could form in this system, and the additive thermal stability was better than CO(NH2)2. The phase diagram calculation of ternary CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O system at 15℃ showed that the suitable conditions of urea peroxide synthesized from ternary CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O had a broad range，and sodium chloride had no influence on the formation of urea peroxide in the quaternary system. The yield of hydrogen peroxide was 58.08% if remaining solution was not used. NaCl did not have salting effect on the formation of urea peroxide in the system. Related Articles | Metrics Select Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen-Carbon-Oxygen-Argon System for Coal Pyrolysis in Hydrogen-Argon Thermal Plasma CHEN Hong-gang ZHAO Hui SUN Ya-ling SUN Yong-fa    2009, 9 (1): 79-83.   Abstract （1221）      PDF （387KB）（448）       Knowledge map    Save In order to find the temperature range and initial reactant ratio for the maximum yield of acetylene, chemical thermodynamic equilibrium of heterogeneous multi-component C-H-O-Ar system was studied. All of the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were based on minimization of Gibbs free energy. Computations were performed for the temperatures from 500 to 5000 K at an interval of 100 K. The results show that existence of argon reduces the maximum equilibrium yield of acetylene in C-H-Ar system. The best temperature range for acetylene production from LPG pyrolysis by hydrogen-argon plasma is 2800~3200 K for the system with C:H:Ar=1:13.39:0.6. In C-H-Ar-O system, oxygen, as impurity, also reduces the maximum equilibrium yield of acetylene. Oxygen element always exists in the form of carbon monoxide. The best temperature range for acetylene production from coal pyrolysis by hydrogen-argon plasma is 3000~3200 K for the system with C:H:O:Ar=1:8.638:0.160:3.339. Related Articles | Metrics Select Equilibrium Concentration of Sulfate Ion in CaSO4-Ca(OH)2-H2O System WANG Yun-yan PENG Xiao-yu CHAI Li-yuan SHU Yu-de    2009, 9 (1): 84-87.   Abstract （1339）      PDF （197KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save The equilibrium concentration of sulfate ion, SO42-, in CaSO4-Ca(OH)2-H2O system under different pH values at 25℃ was determined, and the effect of concentration of Na+ on it was also investigated. The results showed that there was little influence of pH value on the SO42- equilibrium concentration, the value of 0.01235 mol/L was minimal when pH value was 3.0~12.0. The SO42- concentration increased with the addition of concentration of Na+ in the solution. In addition, Pitzer theory was adopted to adjust the activity coefficient of the system, and the theoretical calculation was in agreement with experimental data. These research results may provide some theoretical basis for the treatment of sulfate contaminated industrial wastewater Related Articles | Metrics Select Bacterial Population Composition and Succession in Column Bioleaching Process of Low-grade Copper Sulphide Ore ZOU Ping ZHOU Xing-long ZHANG Wen-bin LIN Lian-bin ZHANG Lan-lan    2009, 9 (1): 88-94.   Abstract （1294）      PDF （305KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save Based on PCR-DGGE analysis, there were 5 bands in DGGE patterns of PCR amplified 16S rDNA (V3~V6) of bacterial samples of different periods in column bioleaching process of calcopyrite corresponding to bacteria which were highly related to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidan with 98% sequence similarity. During the bioleaching of 63 d, the bacterial population succession took place. The bacterial succession came about among bacterial strains of A.f. Using a 9K solid culture medium, 3 pure strains of mesophiles were isolated, which were random-sampled from the bioleaching pulp of the ore. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA showed that 3 pure strains were highly related to A.f with 99% sequence similarity. These results indicated that the dominant bacteria in the bioleaching process of low-grade copper sulphide ore consisting mainly of chalcopyrite was A.f. In the early stages of bioleaching, 02 and 05 bands corresponding to bacterial strains of A.f were chosen in the leaching of easily dissolved secondary copper sulphide ore. In the middle and latter stages of bioleaching, 01, 02, 03, 04 and 05 bands corresponding to the bacterial strains of A.f were selected in the leaching of hardly dissolved primary ore. The technical parameters of PCR-DGGE analysis were optimized. Related Articles | Metrics Select Fermentation of 2,3-Butanediol Using Saccharified Hydrolyzate from Dioscorea zingiberensis LIU Guo-xing WANG Yuan-hao SUN Li-hui DAI Jian-ying SUN Ya-qin DONG Yue-sheng XIU Zhi-long    2009, 9 (1): 95-100.   Abstract （1358）      PDF （250KB）（422）       Knowledge map    Save The fed-batch fermentation of 2,3-butanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dioscorea zingiberensis was investigated. The concentration and productivity of target products, organic acid metabolism and glucose metabolic flux distributions during the fermentation were analyzed. The results showed that organic acids in Dioscorea zingiberensis could promote metabolic flux in tricarboxylic acids cycle and acetic acid production pathway and decrease the butane diacid production pathway, thus, 2,3-butanediol production was increased. 80.20 g/L of 2,3-butanediol, 86.19 g/L of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin, corresponding to 1.54 g/(L×h) of productivity, were obtained using the hydrolyzate of Dioscorea zingiberensis as substrate and feeding glucose during fed-batch fermentation, which increased 8.50%, 7.38% and 7.69%, respectively, compared with that using glucose as sole substrate. Related Articles | Metrics Select Preparation and Protein Immobilization of Fluorescent-Magnetic Bifunctional Fe3O4@PHEMA-Tb Microspheres MENG Fan-zong LIU Dong-lai ZHAI Yu-chun    2009, 9 (1): 101-106.   Abstract （1432）      PDF （383KB）（520）       Knowledge map    Save Taking 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the monomer, N,N￠-methyl radical double acrylics amide as cross linking agent, magnetic nanometer particles including hydroxyl were prepared by photochemical synthesis in the magnetic fluid Fe3O4. Fluorescent magnetic polymer microspheres (FMPMs) were synthesized by combining Tb, and immobilized BSA on the suface of microspheres at the same time. The magnetism, average size, structure, morphology, fluorescence and loading properties of FMPMs were characterized by VSM, PCS, FT-IR, TG, SEM, FS and UV-Vis techniques. The results indicated that FMPMs had an average diameter of 29.6 nm, saturated magnetization ratio of 40.1 emu/g, variational coefficient of 3.7%, superparamagnetism, well fluorescence and dispersion and sphericity with the ratio of loading with BSA of 6.5%, and ratio of coating with BSA of 74.7%. Moreover, their protein release rate decreased with pH reduction. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Ultrasound Treatment on Structure and Functional Properties of Wheat Germ Albumin MA Hai-le    2009, 9 (1): 107-112.   Abstract （2047）      PDF （229KB）（627）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of ultrasonic power and treatment time on the ultraviolet spectrum, fluorescence spectra, surface hydrophobicity, solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties of wheat germ albumin (WGA) were studied. The results showed that the ultraviolet spectrum and fluorescence spectra of WGA were significantly changed after ultrasound treatment. When ultrasonic power was 1800 W, the solubility of WGA was the highest, being increased by 96.2% than that of control. The surface hydropholicity and emulsion activity of WGA were the highest at ultrasonic power 600 W, and the foaming capacity and stability at 900 W, which were increased by 16.8%, 12.5%, 18.8% and 6.0%, respectively, compared with those of control. When the treatment time was 20 min, the solubility was the highest, and for 10 min, the surface hydrophobicity, foaming capacity and stability, and emulsion activity were the highest, being increased by 101.3%, 22.1%, 15.0%, 21.9% and 12.7%, respectively, than those of control. However, emulsifying stability of WGA was decreased by ultrasound treatment. Related Articles | Metrics Select Growth Characteristics of a Methane-utilizing Mixed Consortia MY9 LUO Ming-fang WU Hao WANG Lei YANG Cheng XING Xin-hui    2009, 9 (1): 113-117.   Abstract （2118）      PDF （197KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save The growth characteristics of a methane-utilizing mixed consortia MY9 (CGMCC No.1893) were examined with different copper ion concentrations and carbon sources. Some heterotrophs of the mixed consortia were isolated and characterized. The results showed that the mixed consortia could utilize many organic chemicals such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, isopropanol and glycerol as the carbon source as well as methane. It could also grow in the condition of high concentration of copper. One of the heterotrophs isolated from the mixed consortia, identified as Acinetobacter junii No.8, could utilize 4% methanol or 1% ethanol or 0.6%(j) dichloromethane as a sole carbon source. These results suggest that the methane-utilizing mixed consortia MY9 or A. junii No.8 can be potentially used in the biocatalytical treatment of wastewater containing high concentrations of methanol wastewater, ethanol or dichloromethane. Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Interaction between Shikonin and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectra GE Feng WANG Jian-feng LIUDi-qiu CHEN Chao-yin HAN Ben-yong WANG Yu-chun    2009, 9 (1): 118-122.   Abstract （1284）      PDF （358KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save The interaction between shikonin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectra. The results showed that shikonin strongly quenched the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin. The quenching mechanism was a static quenching procedure, and non-radiation energy transfer happened among molecules. The number of binding site was 1, and the binding locality was a distance of 1.92 nm away from tryptophan residue-212 in BSA. At 22 and 36℃, the quenching constant of BSA and shikonin system was 6.96×104 and 5.91×104 mol/L. Thermodynamic analysis showed that binding power between shikonin and BSA was electrostatic interaction mainly. In addition, several hydroxyl groups were in the molecular structure of shikonin, therefore, there was also hydrogenolysis interaction between shikonin and BSA. Related Articles | Metrics Select Production of D-Glucosaminic Acid by Fermentation with Pseudomonas putida YUAN Jing MENG Xiao HE Bing-fang    2009, 9 (1): 123-127.   Abstract （1301）      PDF （240KB）（450）       Knowledge map    Save Strain GNA5 producing D-glucosaminic acid from D-glucosamine was isolated from soil samples. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on the assay of Biology Automated Microbiology Identification System and analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. P. putida GNA5 could grow in the medium containing high concentration of D-glucosamine, and D-glucosaminic acid was stably accumulated in the oxidative fermentation process. The preliminary optimized culture medium composition (g/L) for the production of D-glucosaminic acid with P. putida GNA5 was obtained as follows: D-glucosamine×HCl 30, glucose 5, urea 5, KH2PO4 2, MgSO4×7H2O 0.5, CaCO3 10, pH 7.0. After 48 h fermentation in this medium, the concentration of D-glucosaminic acid reached 25.5 g/L, with molar yield of 93.9%. P. putida GNA5 exhibited efficient conversion ability of D-glucosamine to D-glucosaminic acid and low degradation ability of D-glucosaminic acid. It shows considerable economic significance in development of D-glucosaminic acid producing process. Related Articles | Metrics Select Biosynthesis of 2-Phenylethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. Strain with ISPR Technology GUAN Ang WANG Hang MENG Chun SHI Xian-ai GUO Yang-hao    2009, 9 (1): 128-132.   Abstract （2251）      PDF （204KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save The bioconversion characteristics of L-phenylalanine (Phe) to 2-phenylethanol (Pea) by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in normal fed-batch culture and ISPR-fed-batch culture were studied respectively. In the normal fed-batch culture, the glucose concentration was controlled in 0.1~0.3 g/L and then the byproduct ethanol concentration was lower than 1%, but the final Pea concentration was lower than 3.85 g/L. Higher Pea concentration could not be attained due to the product inhibition. Macroporous resin FD0816 was chosen as a product in situ extraction material, the final Pea concentration reached 12.80 g/L, and Pea average production rate 0.38 g/(L×h), which were improved by 232% and 35.7% respectively as compared with that without resin addition. The resin used in fermentation was dynamically eluted by ethanol solution, the stripping rate was more than 95% and Pea concentration in eluent achieved 60 g/L. Related Articles | Metrics Select Construction of a Microbial Fuel Cell Using Chlorella vulgaris HE Hui FENG Ya-li LI Hao-ran LI Ding-jie    2009, 9 (1): 133-137.   Abstract （1548）      PDF （418KB）（563）       Knowledge map    Save The photosynthesis microbial fuel cell was constructed using separated Chlorella vulgaris. Electricity production and mechanism of the cell were preliminarily studied. By analyzing the cell voltage measured by the acquisition system, it was proved that the photosynthetic microbial fuel cell was feasible. Microbial electricity generation was mainly attributed to the electrochemically and biologically active cells attached to the electrode, and the suspended algae in the solution were not involved. The illumination was one of main influential factors on the voltage of MFC. By adding Fe3+ to the cathode chamber, electron transfer driving force was generated in coupling of Fe3+ reduction to Fe2+ on the cathode. The Fe2+ cations were subsequently oxidized by O2 in air. For this Fe3+ circular effect，the electron transfer and oxidation-reduction efficiency were enhanced. The output power density of MFC was up to 11.82 mV/m2, and the removal rate of COD reached 40%. This kind of MFC could produce electricity and treat the wastewater simultaneously. Related Articles | Metrics Select Adsorption and Separation of Fumaric Acid and Glucose by Basic Resin Adsorbents FU Yong-qian HUANG He LI Shuang ZHAO Peng-peng HE Hao WEI Ping    2009, 9 (1): 138-142.   Abstract （1357）      PDF （281KB）（514）       Knowledge map    Save The strong basic resin adsorbent IRA-400 was selected from six basic resins to separate fumaric acid from mixed solution of fumaric acid and glucose. Adsorption behavior of IRA-400 was studied by using static and dynamic adsorption methods, including the fumaric acid and glucose adsorption at different pH and glucose concentrations, static equilibrium adsorption, adsorption kinetics, dynamic adsorption and elution. The results showed that IRA-400 had higher affinity for fumaric acid than glucose at higher glucose concentration. The adsorption data were well correlated with Freundlich isotherm equation with its characteristic parameter n>1. Besides, the adsorption kinetics with IRA-400 was mainly controlled by liquid film diffusion, and it fit well into the Boyd function of liquid film diffusion model. Liquid film diffusion rate coefficient (k￠) was less than 0.15 min-1 at different pH values. Dynamic adsorption results showed that fumaric acid and glucose were separated effectively when the resin IRA-400 was eluted by deionized water and 1 mol/L NaOH alternatively. Related Articles | Metrics Select Decolorization of Inulin from Jerusalem artichoke Tubers with Activated Carbon GAO Jian LI Pei SHAO Rong XU Hong    2009, 9 (1): 143-147.   Abstract （1289）      PDF （278KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the decolorization technology of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, the effects of active carbon at several sizes from different manufacturers on decolorization of the inulin were investigated. The results showed that activated carbon TS4 was the best adsorbent for adsorbing the dye in the inulin extract. The optimum decolorization conditions were determined through single factor and orthogonal experiments as follows: activated carbon dosage 5 g/L, decolorization temperature 80℃, pH value 5.0 and decolorization time 30 min. Under these conditions, the decolorization rate and recovery rate of inulin reached 82.6% and 93.4%, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics Select Experimental Design and Analysis of the Optimal Fermentation Medium Based on Uniform Design and Support Vector Regression YUAN Zhe-ming ZUO Bin TAN Si-qiao TAN Xian-sheng XIONG Xing-yao    2009, 9 (1): 148-152.   Abstract （1944）      PDF （199KB）（539）       Knowledge map    Save Based on uniform design and support vector regression, UD-SVR, a novel experimental design and analysis method for the prescription optimization was proposed. It was applied to optimize the complicated fermentation medium including nine factors for a variant of Escherichia coli. The variant could produce glutamate decarboxylase which transformed gultamic acid into gamma aminobutyric acid in vitro. The optimization results of the medium by UD-SVR showed that OD630, an activity index of glutamate decarboxylase, increased from 1.528 in the initial median to 2.303 in the optimal medium after testing of 28 schemes. UD-SVR is more efficient than the reference models and has the potential to be widely used for experimental design and analysis of the prescription optimization. Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Cycloheximide on Regulation of Metabolic Pathway for L-Malic Acid Accumulation by Rhizopus oryzae HE Hao LI Shuang LI Shuang ZHANG Kai HUANG He    2009, 9 (1): 153-156.   Abstract （1241）      PDF （188KB）（426）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of fumarase inhibitor cycloheximide on fermentation of L-malic acid and fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae ME-M15 were investigated. The results showed that the addition of cycloheximide (15 mg/L) during the acid production stage after 16 h incubation greatly affected the metabolism of Rhizopus oryzae ME-M15. The activity of cytosolic isoenzyme of fumarase was decreased markedly by 48.7%, but the activity of NAD-malate dehydrogenase in the cytosol fraction did not change significantly in the presence of cycloheximide. Fumaric acid production was severely decreased in the presence of cycloheximide with 37.1% in comparison with the control mycelium. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of fumaric acid fermentation, the addition of cycloheximide caused the increase of L-malic acid accumulation to 21.7 g/L, which was 54.6% higher than that of the control. The analyses revealed that the inhibition of fumarase isoenzyme in the cytosol fraction could reduce the metabolic flux from L-malic acid to fumaric acid in the pyruvate carboxylation pathway (cytosolic pathway), promoting the L-malic acid accumulation by Rhizopus oryzae ME-M15. Related Articles | Metrics Select Immobilization of Papain by Macromolecular Crowding in Mesopores under Microwave Irradiation LIU Ming-qing WANG An-ming WANG Hua ZHOU Cheng LINZhi-qiang ZHU She-min YANG Ming ZHANG Jun SHEN Shu-bao    2009, 9 (1): 157-160.   Abstract （1379）      PDF （198KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the immobilization of papain, papain was immobilized on the mesocellular siliceous foams (MCFs) by macromolecular crowding under microwave irradiation. It was observed that the immobilized enzyme exhibited the highest catalysis activity when papain was co-immobilized on MCFs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the ratio of enzyme to support at 0.4 (w). The observed activity of dry immobilized enzyme was 419.1 U/mg, the relative activity and activity yield of immobilized enzyme 126.0% and 119.1%, respectively, when the ratio of BSA to papain was 5%(w). The main factors influencing the activity of immobilized enzyme were orderly the amount of papain, ratio of BSA to enzyme, power input of microwave and pH .The optimum pH and temperature of immobilized enzyme were 7.0 and 75℃, respectively. The co-assembled papain with BSA was more resistant to heat than free enzyme and the papain assembled solely in MCFs. Its residual activity was still maintained as 88.2% of the initial activity after heating at 80℃ for 3 h. Related Articles | Metrics Select Preliminary Study on Fermentative Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Jerusalem artichoke Tubers by Klebsiella pneumoniae SUN Li-hui WANG Xu-dong DAI Jian-ying XIU Zhi-long    2009, 9 (1): 161-164.   Abstract （1140）      PDF （206KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Save 2,3-Butanediol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated. Shaking flask cultures were performed in order to study the effects of different carbon sources and trace elements on the fermentation of 2,3-BD. The results showed that Jerusalem artichoke was an excellent carbon source for the production of 2,3-BD, which provided more than 42% higher concentration and productivity of target products, compared with glucose used as carbon source. Moreover, there was no distinct difference between added and none trace elements in the medium. The fed-batch fermentation results showed that the concentration and productivity of target products from Jerusalem artichoke reached 81.47 g/L and 1.45 g/(L×h), respectively after 56 h fermentation, which were close to that from glucose. Related Articles | Metrics Select Preparation and Performance of Nano-mesoporous Molecular Sieve Supported Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst WU Xin-min LIU Lei SONG Yong-ji    2009, 9 (1): 165-170.   Abstract （1247）      PDF （314KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Save Two kinds of nano-mesoporous molecular sieve were synthesized by one-step sol-gel method at low temperature and characterized, then the synthesized samples were loaded with 30% Ni2P and Co2P, and applied in the hydrodesulfurization experiments of thiophene. The experimental results indicate that the samples have mesoporous characteristic, crystal grain size about 30 nm, pore diameter around 20 nm, and specific surface area about 400 m2/g. They also have certain weak acidity and good thermal stability. The first hydrodesulfurization rate (h) of the catalysts with CTAC as template solvent is higher than that with CTAB, h of those with Co2P as active component is higher than that with Ni2P, h at the low temperature is higher than that at high temperature. Four catalysts reduce HDS capability greatly, the catalysts with Ni2P as active component reduce more than that with Co2P as active component, h reduces more at 360℃ than that at 300℃, the catalysts with CTAB as template solvent reduce more than that CTAC as template solvent. Related Articles | Metrics Select Gas Phase Photocatalytic Oxidation of Trichloroethylene on Mesoporous TiO2 Whiskers ZHANG Jian-ping LI Dong FANG Wei LIU Chang YANG Zhu-hong; LU Xiao-hua;    2009, 9 (1): 171-175.   Abstract （1335）      PDF （338KB）（398）       Knowledge map    Save Anatase TiO2 whiskers were synthesized by the reaction of TiO2×nH2O and K2CO3. The analytical results showed that the product was anatase with the sizes within microns, high ratio of area to mass and good uniformity in apertures. The photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 for the oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in gas phase was studied under irradiation of UV lamp at 365 nm wavelength. Its degradation rate was up to 95% catalyzed by mesoporous TiO2, which was higher than that of Degussa P-25 TiO2 (87%). The degradation rate of TCE was accelerated with increasing the initial concentration, which reached the highest rate when the air velocity was 1.64 cm/s, and O2 boosted the photocatalytic reaction rate. Finally, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used to describe the photocatalytic reaction. Related Articles | Metrics Select Preparation and Characterization of Porous PEI and PMMA/PEI Composite Fiber WANG Xiao-fei XUE Cong HUANG Zheng-ming    2009, 9 (1): 176-180.   Abstract （1445）      PDF （919KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save Porous polyetherimide (PEI) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyetherimide (PEI) nanofibers were prepared through solution electrospinning and coxial electrospinning. The effects of electropsinning parameters on the morphology and diameters of PEI and PMMA/PEI fibers were studied. The results demonstrated that porous PEI fibers with the diameters from 50 to 500 nm were obtained by electrospinning in a low concentration, while PMMA/PEI fibers with smooth surface morphology were collected using coxial electrospinning. Furthermore, the tensile strength of composite films treated under 4 MPa pressure for 10 min rose with the increasing content of PEI. Related Articles | Metrics Select Influential Factors of Pore Size and Orderliness of Mesoporous Carbon WEI Guo-li ZHANG Xue-jun    2009, 9 (1): 181-185.   Abstract （1259）      PDF （679KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save Ordered mesoporous carbon material was prepared by using surfactant agent F127 (EO106PO70EO106) as template, and the effects of different process parameters on the pore size and orderliness of mesoporous carbon were studied. The material was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and nitrogen absorption/desorption. The results show that the amount of F127, reaction temperature, mixing time, carbonization temperature and heating rate have direct influences on the pore size and orderliness of mesoporous carbon. When the surfactant content is 40%, reaction temperature 40℃, mixing time 30 min, carbonization temperature 800℃, and heating rate 1℃/min, the mesoporous carbon with perfect orderliness and narrow pore size distribution can be prepared. Related Articles | Metrics Select TBAB-THF Hydrate Mixture as a Cold Storage Medium LI Gang XIE Ying-ming LIU Dao-ping ZHANG Liang TANG Cheng-wei WEI Jing-jing    2009, 9 (1): 186-189.   Abstract （1622）      PDF （239KB）（525）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the cold storage superiority of binary gas hydrates to that of singular ones, at the mass fraction of guest materials fixed to 31.4%, the formation-decomposition of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB)-tetrahydrofuran (THF) gas hydrate mixture for cold storage was studied. By changing the concentrations of TBAB and THF, the variations of induction time, decomposition temperature, cold storage capacity area and discharged cold capacity area during the reaction process were compared. It is revealed that the decrease of TBAB can prolong the induction time of crystallization, shorten the transit jump temperature and lower the hydrate decomposition temperature, and the cold storage capacity area is decreased, and the completion time of hydrate decomposition shortened. When TBAB in the solution ranges between 25.7% and 27.4%, the decomposition temperature of samples lies in 6.3~8.0℃, which is close to the temperature of air conditioning water, and its discharged cold capacity area is higher than that of other TBAB concentrations. Accordingly, the TBAB solution with 25.7% and 27.4% concentrations may be a promising cold storage material for air conditioning. Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress in L-Phenylacetylcarbinol Production by Biosynthesis LI Dan LIN Jian-qun LIN Hui-bin LIN jian-qiang QU Yin-bo    2009, 9 (1): 190-199.   Abstract （1516）      PDF （352KB）（447）       Knowledge map    Save The research progress in biotransformation of L-phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC), including mechanism of biocatalysis, strain screening, biotransformation system, process parameters and downstream processing, was reviewed. Strains belonging to the genera of Saccharomyces and Candida I with high enzyme activity of pyruvate decarboxylase are widely used in biotransformation of L-PAC from benzaldehyde and pyruvate. The formation of by-products and toxicity of substrate significantly influence the production of L-PAC. By strain screening and breeding, suitable strains with high tolerance to benzaldehyde and effective reduction of byproducts can be obtained. By applying the process optimization methodologies of fed-batch culture, process control and process parameter optimization, utilization of cell or enzyme immobilization and adoption of aqueous and organic two-phase system, higher L-PAC production can be achieved. Related Articles | Metrics Select Application of Ionic Liquids in Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals TIAN Guo-cai LI Jian HUA Yi-xin    2009, 9 (1): 200-208.   Abstract （1388）      PDF （1155KB）（595）       Knowledge map    Save Ionic liquids as green solvents have shown important application in the extraction and separation of nonferrous metals. The new and important fundamental and applied research results in extraction and separation of nonferrous metals with ionic liquids, including the dissolution and corrosion of metals and metal oxides, electro-deposition of active metals such as Mg, Al and Ti, and hydrometallurgy of chalcopyrite, are introduced in this paper. It is shown that ionic liquids involved processes can be carried out at or near room temperature, which can significantly lower the energy consumption, operation cost, and pollutant emission. Related Articles | Metrics Select Fluidization Properties in Microscale Fluidized Beds XU Yi-quan GUO Qing-jie SI Chong-dian CAO Chang-qing    2009, 9 (2): 209-215.   Abstract （1384）      PDF （1344KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save The fluidization characteristics of quartz sand and FCC catalyst particles in 6 microscale fluidized beds with inner diameters of 4.3, 5.5, 10.5, 15.5, 20.5 and 25.5 mm were investigated. The influences of bed diameter (Dt), static bed height (Hs), particles and gas properties on the pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity (umf) were examined. The results show that the theoretical pressure drops of microscale fluidized beds deviated from the experimental values under different particles and gas properties. The pressure drop correlations for large size fluidized beds failed to compute microscale fluidized beds. umf increased with decreasing Dt. When the ratio of Hs to Dt ranged from 1 to 3, umf was expressed by linear relationship with Hs, while the slope of equation of umf versus Hs decreased with the increase of Dt. Dt/dp and Hs/dp were defined as dimensionless variables, a new equation was developed to predict umf under the present experimental conditions. Related Articles | Metrics page Page 1 of 6 Total 217 records First page Prev page Next page Last page