The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering

Effects of Liquid Phase Properties on Pressure Drop during Horizontal Gas-Liquid Intermittent Flow

XU Jing-yu;WU Ying-xiang;LI Dong-hui

. 2006, 6(2): 161-166.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (937KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effects of different liquid phases (water, oil and CMC solutions) on pressure drop during horizontal gas-liquid intermittent flow were experimentally investigated. The total length of the pipe between the entrance and the separation unit is approximately 30 m. The test section consists of two 3 m long horizontal pipes. Up to 320 experimental tests have been conducted under the following conditions: superficial oil velocity 0.17~1.85 m/s, superficial water velocity 0.17~2.48 m/s, superficial CMC solutions velocity 0.17~1.42 m/s and superficial air velocity 0.06~3.40 m/s. It is shown that for gas-Newtonian liquid flow the pressure drop increases with the increase of the superficial air velocity at constant superficial liquid velocity. But for power-law liquid with the lower value of flow behavior index, the pressure drop of gas-non-Newtonian liquid flow might actually be reduced below the value for the liquid flowing alone at the same volumetric rate. Furthermore, the Lockhart-Martinelli model overestimates the pressure drop for gas-power-law liquid flow.

Numerical Simulation of Calcination of Limestone and Transport Process in a Packed Bed

LI Ming-chun;TIAN Yan-wen;ZHAI Yu-chun

. 2006, 6(2): 167-172.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (376KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

On the basis of the derived overall rate of decomposition in representative elementary volume in the heat transfer controlled regime, a one-dimensional mathematical model for the calcination of limestone coupled with heat and mass transfer in a packed bed was established by applying local thermal non-equilibrium assumption. Adopting a finite volume method to solve this model numerically, the mathematical model was validated by comparison with single particle experiment in the literature. The gas temperature and solid matrix temperature profiles, the concentration profile of product gas as well as the distribution of the fractional conversion of solid reactant were predicted under various conditions. The results are useful in the conceptual design and operation of packed bed reactor that is involved with strongly endothermic reactions.

Hydrodynamics of Downer Reactor with a New Inlet Structure

ZHU Bing-tian;HOU Shuan-di;XU Ke-jia;ZHANG Zhan-zhu;WANG Xie-qing

. 2006, 6(2): 173-177.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (244KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

A new type of inlet structure of downer reactor was contrived, which included the atomization space of feed oil that enhanced distribution of oil spray to improve oil/catalyst contact efficiency. This inlet structure could provide suitable catalyst concentration to ensure effective oil/catalyst contact and enhance reaction rate. Feed oil contacted catalyst by countercurrent and cross-flow, which would enhance heat and mass transfer between oil and catalyst. It is found that at the inlet section of the downer, solids concentration radial profile is parabolic. As it flows downwards, solids concentration gradually diffuses towards the wall until fully-developed flow section forms. At fully-developed flow section, solids concentration is higher near the wall than that at the center area in the downer.

Effects of Flow Parameters and Inlet Geometry on Cyclone Efficiency

ZHAO Bing-tao

. 2006, 6(2): 178-180.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (78KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

A novel cyclone design, named converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI) cyclone, is developed by improving the inlet geometry of conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI) cyclone for enhancing the physical performance of the cyclone. The collection efficiency of the CSSI cyclone is experimentally compared with the widely used CTSI cyclone. The results indicate that the CSSI cyclone provides higher collection efficiency by 5%~20% than that of the CTSI cyclone for a tested inlet velocity range of 11.99~23.85 m/s. In addition, the results of collection efficiency comparison between experimental data and theoretical model are also discussed.

Sulfur Transfer by Iso-butene Alkylation of Thiophenic Sulfur over Resin-supported AlCl3 Catalyst

XU Xin;LUO Guo-hua;JIN Hai-bo;TONG Ze-min

. 2006, 6(2): 181-185.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (238KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Most of sulfur compounds (especially methyl-substitution derivatives of thiophene) exist in the temperature range higher than 110℃ boiling point fraction of FCC gasoline. A desulfurization method is proposed for the removal of sulfur compounds from FCC gasoline by alkylation reaction of thiophenic sulfur with olefins over acid catalysts, and the higher boiling sulfur-containing products are removed by fractional distillation. A macro-porous sulfonic resin CT175 supported AlCl3 by gas-phase immobilization was used as a catalyst for the alkylation reaction of methyl-substitution thiophenic sulfur as model sulfur compounds with iso-butene as an alkylating agent, and the AlCl3-CT175 resin catalyst showed that an excellent catalytic activity was achieved, and the thiophenic sulfur compounds (containing 2033 mg/g of 2-methylthiophene, 2045 mg/g of 3-methylthiophene and 1543 mg/g of 2,5-dimethylthiophene in benzene) were converted completely into higher boiling point multi-alkylthiophenic products under the reaction conditions of 80℃, atmospheric pressure, volume flow rate of iso-butene (iso-butene/N2 1:1, molecular ratio) 5.0 mL/min and WHSV 2.5 h-1. Simultaneously, the catalytic activity stability of AlCl3-CT175 was tested, as a result, more than 99.7% conversion rate was obtained and the alkylating activity had a good stability in the period of 700 h.

Sorting Techniques for Plastics Recycling

Gjergj Dodbiba;Jun Sadaki;Atsushi Shibayama;Toyohisa Fujita

. 2006, 6(2): 186-191.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (351KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

This paper presents the basic principles of three different types of separating methods and a general guideline for choosing the most effective method for sorting plastic mixtures. It also presents the results of the tests carried out for separation of PVC, ABS and PET from different kinds of plastic mixtures in order to improve the grade of the raw input used in mechanical or feedstock recycling.

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Spout-fluidized Bed Reactor Analysis of Composition and Combustion Characteristics of Liquid Product from Biomass

CHEN Ming-qiang;WANG Jun;WANG Xin-yun;ZHANG Xue-cai;ZHANG Su-ping;REN Zhen-wei;YAN Yong-jie

. 2006, 6(2): 192-196.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (146KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to gain insight into the fast pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and the relationship between bio-oil composition and pyrolysis reaction conditions, to assess the possibility for the raw bio-oil to be used as fuel, and to evaluate the concept of spout-fluidized bed reactor as the reactor for fast pyrolysis of biomass to prepare fuel oil, the composition and combustion characteristics of bio-oil prepared in a spout-fluidized bed reactor with a designed maximum capacity 5 kg/h of sawdust as feeding material, were investigated by GC-MS and thermogravimetry. 14 aromatic series chemicals were identified. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the bio-oil was liable to combustion, the combustion temperature increased with the heating rate, and only minute ash was generated when it burned. The kinetics of the combustion reaction was studied and the kinetic parameters were calculated by both Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Popsecu methods. The results agree well with each other. The most probable combustion mechanism functions determined by Popescu method are f(a)=k(1-a)2 (400~406℃), f(a)=1/2k(1-a)3 (406~416℃) and f(a)=2k(1-a)3/2 (416~430℃) respectively.

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution with Modified Bentonite

TANG Yan-kui;TONG Zhang-fa;WEI Guang-tao;LI Zhong-min;LIANG Da-wen

. 2006, 6(2): 197-200.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (146KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Bentonite combined with sawdust and other metallic compounds was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions in this study. The adsorption characteristics of phosphate on the modified bentonite were investigated, including the effects of temperature, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of phosphate and pH on removal of phosphate by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that 98% removal rate of phosphate was obtained since sawdust and bentonite used in this investigation were abundantly and locally available. It is concluded that modified bentonite is a relatively efficient, low cost and easily available adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions.

Study on Metals Recovery from –0.074 mm Printed Circuit Boards by Enhanced Gravity Separation

ZHAO Yue-min;WEN Xue-feng;SHI Hong-xia;JIAO Hong-guang;TAO You-jun

. 2006, 6(2): 201-204.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (133KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Nowadays study on discarded printed circuit boards (PCBs) reutilization has great significance for achieving secondary resources recycling and preventing environmental pollution. Physical methods show great potential and advantages on discarded PCBs reutilization, comparing with chemical and biological methods. However for the particles of -0.074 mm PCBs, little work has been done in the past because of lower separation efficiency and recovery. In this paper, the conundrum of -0.074 mm PCBs reutilization was resolved successfully with the help of Falcon concentrator. Separation mechanism for fine particles with different mass densities in a Falcon centrifugal concentrator was analyzed. The main factors such as magnitude of rotation frequency (centrifugal acceleration), anti-charge water pressure and feeding concentration were studied, and interaction of different factors was analyzed using Design-Expert software. The experimental results show that metals grade of -0.074 mm PCBs and integration efficiency were obtained as 76.89% and 80.77% respectively when feeding concentration was 40 g/L with water pressure of 0.01 MPa and rotation frequency of 50 Hz.

Preparation of Vermiculite Powder with High Expansion and High Quality-I. Primary Study on the Expansion Mechanism

HU Guang-suo;ZHU Yong-ping;LI Zheng-yi;ZHANG Wei-gang

. 2006, 6(2): 205-209.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (375KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The expansion mechanism of vermiculite was characterized during heating-up with in-situ X-ray diffraction and TG-DSC analysis. Combining X-ray diffractions with their inherent colors and volumetric expansion ratios, vermiculite is statistically classified into three categories, yellow, deep-yellow and deep-green ones, based on its thermal behavior in the hydration process. Certain correlations are found existing between the hydration process and volumetric expansion ratio at certain heating conditions. Different microcosmic characters are detected with the three types of vermiculite. Combining the analyzing of structural change, volumetric expansion ratio and content of different types of water releasing during heating at various temperatures, the mechanism of volumetric expansion is discussed primarily, which provides some very useful indications for production of vermiculite powder with high expansion and high quality.

HCl-NaCl Leaching of Slag Containing Antimony with High Lead Content under Ultrasonic

TANG Shu-zhen;ZHANG Rong-liang;QIU Ke-qiang

. 2006, 6(2): 210-214.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (181KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The process for conventional leaching of slag containing antimony and lead in HCl-NaCl solution was investigated. Under the optimum conditions of the leaching process, ultrasonic was used to strengthen the process. The results showed that the leaching rate of antimony was strengthened by ultrasonic for 15 min, equal to that of the conventional leaching for 45 min. Ultrasonic could increase the leaching speed of antimony and lead evidently, and the leaching time was decreased. The leaching rate of antimony and lead was increased with the increase of ultrasonic power. When the leaching rate reached the same value, the leaching time of the process strengthened by high power ultrasonic was shorter than that of low power ultrasonic. The maximum leaching rate of antimony and lead was limited by the fixed phase composition of the slag, and the energy of ultrasonic can not produce a new pathway for the reaction which can not occur under the conventional conditions. However the maximum leaching rate of Sb and Pb has nothing to do with the using of ultrasonic.

Synthesis and Controlled Growth of Flowerlike ZnO Nanocrystals

ZHANG Yan-hui;TIAN Yan-wen;SHAO Zhong-cai;LI Hui-li

. 2006, 6(2): 215-218.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (623KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

PEG-20000, PEG-20000/hexahydrobenzene were used as additives, different alkalinities of Zn(OH)42- or Zn(NH3)42+ as reaction precursors, reacting 4 h under hydrothermal condition 200℃, and ZnO crystallite powder could be obtained after washing and drying. The as-synthesized ZnO crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the products belonged to hexagonal crystals. And the products were flowerlike ZnO aggregates composed of nano rodlike monocrystals. The monocrystals consisted of the aggregates grew to different morphologies such as robust, tapered and clustered under different reaction conditions. The aggregates could be synthesized controllably in the range of 0.5~4.0 mm. ZnO aggregates were not assembled by monocrystals simply, but consisted of monocrystal branches. The growing orientation of monocrystal was c axial positive direction. The monocrystals grew like-concentrically taking the middle section of a columnar monocrystal as the normal. The study results could provide a certain reference for synthesizing metal oxides with controlled morphology.

Controlling Morphology and Specific Surface Area of Calcium Carbonate Particles with Humic Acid

LIU Hai-di;ZHAO Rong-fang;CHEN Yun-fa

. 2006, 6(2): 219-222.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (437KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Humic acid (HA) was utilized as additive to prepare calcium carbonate particles via the carbonizing reaction between Ca(OH)2 and CO2. The powder with high specific surface area over 50 m2/g was prepared. BET method was used to analyze the BET specific surface area and pore-size distribution of the as-made products. XRD and SEM analysis was employed to investigate the morphology and composition of the calcium carbonate particles in the reaction process. The results show that humic acid could increase the specific surface area and change the crystal morphology at the same time. Morphology of the calcium carbonate fine particles graduated from sphere-like into rod-like, and then into cubic-like shape. A proposed mechanism based on the results of SEM and XRD analysis was developed to explain the phenomena.

Preparation of Micron-thick RF Aerogel Films under Conventional Drying

LIU Wei-min;WANG Chao-yang;WANG Hong-yan;TANG Yong-jian

. 2006, 6(2): 223-226.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (422KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Organic aerogel films were prepared with resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) by combining sol-gel and spin-coating methods. By controlling solution composition and surrounding conditions, the RF aerogel films with the thickness of micron-scale were successfully produced under conventional drying instead of supercritical drying. The SEM pictures show that the films have the similar network structure to the bulk products. The effects of spin-coating and conventional drying processes on the final films were analysed, the results indicate that enlargement of the pore size and opitimization of the aging method of the films are the most important measures to realize conventional drying.

Effect of Additives on Viscosity of LATS Refining Ladle Slag

WANG Hong-ming;LI Gui-rong;XU Ming-xi;LI Bo;ZHANG Xue-jun;SHI Guo-min

. 2006, 6(2): 227-230.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (234KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

To avoid slag sticking onto the ladle snorkel during the process of ladle alloying treatment station (LATS), the variation of the ladle slag viscosity before and after LATS refining process was studied. The additives including CaO+CaF2, CaO+B2O3 and Li2O were employed to decrease the viscosity of ladle slag. The rotary cylinder method was adopted in the viscosity testing experiments. The results showed that the viscosity of ladle slag was very high and further increased after LATS refining process, which was one of main reasons of slag sticking onto the snorkel. All the three kinds of additives employed in this study could decrease the viscosity of ladle slag remarkably. At 1500℃, the viscosity of ladle slag without additives is 6 Pa×s. By adding 10%(w) CaO+CaF2, the viscosity was decreased lower than 3 Pa×s. Whereas by adding 10%(w) CaO+B2O3 or 4%(w) Li2O, the viscosity was lower than 2 Pa×s.

Thermochemical Treatment-Technologies for Recovery and Utilisation of Materials

Gerd Kley;Rudolf Brenneis;Burkart Adamczyk;Franz-Georg Simon

. 2006, 6(2): 231-236.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (298KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The arc furnace technology is an ideally suited process for the treatment of hazardous and problematic waste. The operation conditions of the arc furnace can be adapted for optimal transformation of the waste material input into raw materials and usable products. The process can significantly reduce the impact of contaminated wastes and industrial residues, and enable material conversion and separation. Thus, the products of the process have various applications. The capability of the process is illustrated with three examples, the treatment of bottom ash and filter ash from waste incineration plants, of stainless steel slags and of chromium containing residues from the refractory industry.

A Novel Routine for Manufacture of Environmentally Friendly Ethanol Fuel via Reactive Distillation

WU Jiang;YANG Bo-lun;WANG Hua-jun;LU Shi-qing

. 2006, 6(2): 237-241.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (189KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

A novel routine for removing water from ethanol by the hydration using C4 olefin cut catalyzed with the ion exchange resin was proposed. Reactive distillation experiments were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this routine. The sensitivity analysis was performed by using the software of ASPEN PLUS 10.2. The optimized operating conditions were obtained considering three objective functions which were the water content of the bottom product, water conversion rate and hydration selectivity. Under the optimized operation conditions, the final product was consisted of 45.0% of ethanol, 19.4% of ethyl tert-butyl ether, 35.1% of tert-butyl alcohol and 0.6% of water in volumetric percentage.

Studies on Thermal Degradation of Cellulosic Fibers Treated with Flame Retardants

GAO Ming;DAI Qiu-ju

. 2006, 6(2): 242-246.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (143KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Hemp fabric, one of the most flammable materials, was treated with compounds containing different kinds of elements that contribute to flame retardation. For a study of flame retardation from the standpoint of thermal degradation, the samples were subjected to thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in air from ambient temperature to 600℃. The apparent activation energy (Ea) is evaluated by Broido's method at different stages of thermal degradation to observe the variation of Ea in the process of thermal degradation. Flame retardation of samples was determined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) to find the effects of the different compounds on flammability and the thermal degradation of the hemp fabric. The composition of the chars was studied by the IR spectra to obtain information concerning the thermal degradation mechanism. Compared with flammable hemp, the hemp fabric treated with flame retardants showed a higher LOI but lower Ea and decomposition temperatures, which indicated that some compounds make the hemp fabric decompose at lower temperatures, resulting in less flammable products.

Simulation of Multi-component Multi-stage Separation Process -An Improved Algorithm and Application

LI Chun-shan;ZHANG Xiang-ping;ZHANG Suo-jiang;TAN Xin-shun;XIANG Shu-guang

. 2006, 6(2): 247-254.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (149KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

This paper presents a flexible model and a robust algorithm for simulation of multi-stage multi-component separation processes in which multiple feeds, side streams, strippers and/or side heat exchangers are involved. The improved algorithm effectively accelerates the speed of convergence and offers better stability by introducing a damping factor for updating the stripping factor, and also reduces the requirement on the initial estimates by updating the Joacobian matrix directly with the stripping factor and enthalpy. On the other hand, an efficient algorithm was proposed to solve the approximate tri-diagonal matrix (containing the off-band elements) derived from the material balance equations (M equations) and phase equilibrium equations (E equations), the advantages and simplicity of the "inside-out" technique of the Russell are retained. The present algorithm was demonstrated to be effective in simulating complex separation columns with typical case studies.

Bioorganic Municipal Waste Management to Deploy a Sustainable Solid Waste Disposal Practice in China

Bernhard Raninger;Werner Bidlingmaier;LI Run-dong;FENG Lei

. 2006, 6(2): 255-260.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (281KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The utilization of bioorganic municipal waste (BMW) is considered essentially for the further development of integrated waste management practice in China. Awareness and knowledge about the importance of BMW management and source separation of waste on household level, as a precondition for the implementation of an economically feasible integrated waste management infrastructure, were developed in Europe during the last decade. The Sino-German RRU-BMW Project is facilitating applied research investigations in 4 pilot areas in Shenyang to assess the population's behavior to develop the design criteria for appropriate process technologies and to provide the basis to adopt BMW management policy in China.

Options for Healthcare Waste Management and Treatment in China

LI Run-dong;NIE Yong-feng;Bernhard Raninger;WANG Lei

. 2006, 6(2): 261-266.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (97KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Healthcare waste management and treatment is one of the national priority tasks of China's Tenth Five-Year Plan. Numerous installations disposing medical waste have already operated the project or under construction to the operation in 2006. This paper focuses on the assessment of existing and future options to handle medical waste (MW). Internationally available and so far in China applied technologies and management practice are analysed, including the problems how to segregate medical waste streams at the source and to reduce the 'critical waste' to mainly infectious and aesthetically sensible materials. Non-hazardous MW can be managed and treated in analogue to municipal solid waste (MSW). In most of the European countries decentralised hospital incinerators have been, because of high operation costs and pollution problems, widely banned and replaced by pre-treatment technologies at the source and centralised incineration plants for hazardous MW. Information for adapting and further developing MW management solutions and treatment technologies in China and applying the most appropriate MWM practice is provided.

An Energy-saving Process Integrated by Ethylene Quenching Section and Delayed Coking Unit

CAO Xin-bo;TANG Zhi-gang;DUAN Zhan-ting;YUAN Nai-ju

. 2006, 6(2): 267-271.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (197KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

A new method involved in waste heat recovery of high temperature gas, using waste heat as the heat source of an endothermic reaction so as to transfer physical exergy of the waste heat into chemical exergy of the reaction products, was presented in this paper. As an example, a novel process, the energy-saving process integrated by ethylene quenching section and delayed coking unit, was introduced to recover waste heat of the ethylene pyrolysis gas by delayed coking reaction. The results indicated that a pyrolyzer with annual ethylene capacity of 60 kt can match a delayed coking unit with annual process capacity of 880 kt. And the exergy recovery rate of the quenching process can be increased from 64.0% to 74.4%. Besides, this integrated process will have the advantages of lower equipment investment, longer steady running period, etc.

Green Evaluation of Different Preparation Processes of 4-aminopyridine

GUO Yu-liang;HU Xi-en

. 2006, 6(2): 272-276.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (189KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The green evaluation of different synthesis technologies for preparing 4-aminopyridine was carried out by means of atom utilization efficiency, environment factor and environment quotient and GREENSCOPE methods. Contrasted with the traditional processes such as iron powder reduction and catalytic hydrogenation, the electro-reduction technology has some evident advantages, which can be characterized as simple process, high yield, low production cost, benignity to environment and well sustainable development. The electrochemical technology for reduction of nitro compounds to corresponding amines meets with the trend of green chemistry and the demand of sustainable development, and will have a promising prospect in fine chemical field.

Medium for Culturing Chlorella vulgaris with Sequential Heterotrophic-Autotrophic Model

LI Xing-wu;LI Yuan-guang;SHEN Guo-min;YANG Dong

. 2006, 6(2): 277-280.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (199KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The medium (HA-SK medium) for culturing Chlorella vulgaris with sequential heterotrophic-autotrophic model was optimized by using the one-at-a-time strategy and uniformity experimental design. When Chlorella vulgaris was cultured with HA-SK medium in 250 mL flask, the cell density reached 13.17 g/L at the end of heterotrophic cultivation, the cellular protein and chlorophyll content were 49.75% and 30.17 mg/g after 36 h autotrophic cultivation, which were increased by 134%, 69.8% and 68.7% respectively comparing with those obtained in an initial medium. As Chlorella vulgaris was cultured with HA-SK medium in sequential 5 L bioreactor and 1 L plat photo-bioreactor system, the cell density reached 15.36 g/L at the end of heterotrophic cultivation, the cellular protein and chlorophyll content were 54.78% and 31.23 mg/g after 35 h autotrophic cultivation. The results show that the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris with high cell density and high quality can be realized successfully by sequential heterotrophic-autotrophic model with HA-SK medium.

Preparation and Purification of Immunoglobulin Yolk against Choramphenicol

WU Yuan-yuan;BAO Yong-ming;LI Xiao-hui;XIU Zhi-long

. 2006, 6(2): 281-284.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (250KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was obtained by injecting chloramphenicol (CAP) bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) into the hens. A primary purification was conducted according to several kinds of methods, such as PEG and ammonium sulphate precipitations. A relatively high purity and specific activity of IgY were obtained by an optimized method of capralic acid-ammonium sulphate precipitation, and a plenty of phospholipid was well separated, which led to benefiting to store for a long time. Using bis (3-aminopropyl) amine as a spacer between the gel and the CAP ligand, a separation material was synthesized for affinity chromatography to purify the specific IgY against CAP. The specific IgY was about 3.3% in the total IgY. The antibody activity was increased by 10 times after purification by affinity chromatography.

Separating and Purifying Hyaluronic Acid by Filtration Method

SHENG Rui-tang;SUN Meng;TAN Tian-wei

. 2006, 6(2): 285-288.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (183KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

A filtration method was developed to separate and purify hyaluronic acid (HA) from fermentation broth. Crude HA was dissolved in distilled water and reached its concentration of 20 g/L. Silicon earth as sorbent was added into the HA solution. pH of the solution was adjusted between 4.6~4.8. Then, the solution was filtrated with silicon earth, filter B-1 and ultrafiltration membrane. Finally the HA solution was crystallized by ethanol, thus, farinose HA containing glucuronic acid 44.2% was prepared. This method was successfully applied to the industry. The relative molecular weight of factory product was up to 1.1 million. The factory product contained 47.3% glucuronic acid and 0.01% protein. The yield of HA reach to 90.5% in the factory. The cost of the production was reduced to 64.3% by the filtration method in this work.

Preparation and Characterization of Copolymer Micelles Formed by Poly(ethylene glycol)-Polylactide Block Copolymers as Novel Drug Carriers

JIANG Wei;WANG Yun-dong;GAN Quan;ZHANG Jian-zheng;ZHAO Xiu-wen;FEI Wei-yang;BEI Jian-zhong;WANG Shen-guo

. 2006, 6(2): 289-295.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (322KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-polylactide (MePEG-PLA) micelles were prepared by dialysis against water. Indomethacin (IMC) as a model drug was entrapped into the micelles by dialysis method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the prepared micelles in distilled water investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy was 0.0051 mg/mL which is lower than that of common low molecular weight surfactants. The diameters of MePEG-PLA micelles and IMC loaded MePEG-PLA micelles in number-averaged scale measured by dynamic light scattering were 52.4 and 53.7 nm respectively. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope observation showed that the appearance of MePEG-PLA micelles was in a spherical shape. The content of IMC incorporated in the core portion of the micelles was 18 wt.%. The effects of the synthesis method of the copolymer on the polydispersity of the micelles and the yield of the micelles formation were discussed.

Microstructure and Phase Behavior of Cationic Gemini/Anionic Polyelectrolyte/Water Ternary System

Pi Ying-ying;Shang Ya-zhuo;Peng Chang-jun;LIU Hong-lai

. 2006, 6(2): 296-301.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (226KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The microstructure of cationic gemini surfactant 1,6-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) hexane dibromide [C12H25(CH3)2N-(CH2)6-N(CH3)2C12H25×2Br] (12-6-12×2Br-) and oppositely charged polyelectrolyte poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) (NaPA) in aqueous solution has been studied by using fluorescence, conductivity measurement, freeze-etching and TEM. The data obtained from fluorescence and conductivity measurement show that micelle-like or complex can form between the gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and polyelectrolyte NaPA due to the static electric interaction and hydrophobic forces. Through freeze-etching and TEM, the microstructure of the mixture solution has been studied, which is consistent with the result from micropolarity. Comparing the fluorescence spectrum of system of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and NaPA with that of system of gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA, it can be found that the interaction between gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA is stronger than that between DTAB and NaPA. And the phase behavior of (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA in aqueous solution has also been detected. It can be shown that the precipitate will transform into gel in higher NaPA concentration.

Recycling and Activity Recovery of Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid as Catalyst for Alkylation of Benzene with 1-Dodecene

QIAO Cong-zhen;LI Cheng-yue

. 2006, 6(2): 302-307.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (111KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Performances of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium aluminium chloride ([BMIM]Cl-AlCl3) ionic liquid as catalyst for the alkylation of benzene with long chain olefins were investigated in a continuous operation mode. A small pilot plant with continuous mixing-reacting-separating-recycling functions, equipped with a static mixer reactor, a tube packed with metal Al thread and a combined liquid-liquid settling phase separator, was introduced as an alternative. The results showed that the continuous fast mixing and separation of ionic liquid catalyst from reactant mixture could be synchronously accomplished within a wider flow rate ratio range of the recycling reaction mixture to the ionic liquid catalyst. The recycling of chloroaluminate ionic liquid was realized. ICP-AES detection results of Al content in the reactants proves that in-situ Al compensation to the reaction system may be an important choice to prolong the stable running time of moisture-sensitive ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl-AlCl3 when feedstock inevitably contains trace water. It suggests that the activity of chloroaluminate ionic liquid is recovered under the in-situ Al compensation operation.

Dynamic Rheological Properties of HTV Silicone Rubber Reinforced with Fumed Silica

HE Ying;LI Chun-zhong;CHENG Qi-lin

. 2006, 6(2): 308-313.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (399KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Fillers, when added to polymer systems, are known to cause a considerable change in dynamic behaviors especially for fumed silica with tridimensional network. A torsional strain-controlled rheometer named rubber processing analyzer (RPA) was used for measuring the dynamic rheological properties of high-temperature vulcanites (HTV) with molecular weight of 600000 g/mol at a certain temperature and frequency. And the differences in aggregate network of fumed silica dispersed in the filled silicone rubber were also investigated by RPA. The results indicated that the shearing and loss modulus of filled silicone rubber with more developed aggregate network showed more strain dependence. And the fumed silica with more developed aggregate network showed a better reinforcement to HTV.

Preparation of Non-autoclaved and Unburnt Bricks by Modifying Ti-bearing Blast Furnace Slag Pastes with Polymer Emulsion

KONG Xiang-wen;WANG Dan;SUI Zhi-tong;TU Gan-feng

. 2006, 6(2): 314-318.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (738KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Ti-bearing blast furnace slag pastes were modified with PS (polystyrene), PVAC (polyvinyl acetate) and SAE (styrene-acrylate emulsion) respectively, to prepare the non-autoclaved and unburnt bricks. The major factors influencing the properties of the products and the modification mechanism were investigated. The samples modified with SAE and PVAC show better properties than those with PS. Being the best modifying agent of the three, SAE addition results in the samples with a compressive strength 37.7 MPa and flexural strength 13.9 MPa, when the samples have a composition of slag 72%, SAE 10% and additive 18%, is cast at pressure 30 MPa and cured for 7 d. The study reveals that the acid radicals in SAE react with the metal ions in the slag to form complex compounds.

Research on Mechanical Properties of SiCw/NiFe2O4 Spinel Used as Matrix of Inert Anode

ZHANG Shu-ting;YAO Guang-chun;LIU Yi-han

. 2006, 6(2): 319-322.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (460KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to improve the mechanical properties of NiFe2O4 spinel used as the matrix of inert anode in aluminium electrolysis, SiCw/NiFe2O4 was prepared by solid-state reaction. The effect of addition level of SiCw on the density, porosity, impact toughness and thermal shock resistance of the material were investigated, at the same time microstructural changes were observed by scanning electronic microscope. The reasons for the difference of properties of samples were discussed deeply. The results showed that mechanical properties were improved considerably in comparison with the NiFe2O4 spinel. Bending strength of specimen with 3%(w) SiCw was increased about 42% and strength retention was 15% after thermal shock，impact toughness of specimen with 2%(w) SiCw was raised about 65%. The properties of specimen were appropriated when it contained 3%(w) SiCw by comprehensive consideration.

A Hydrothermal Approach to the Synthesis of Silver Nanowires with High Aspect Radios

XU Jian;HAN Xia;ZHOU Li-hui;LIU Hong-lai;HU Ying

. 2006, 6(2): 323-326.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (515KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Silver nanowires were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal route using methenamine as reducing agent, in which cationic Gemini surfactant 1,3-bis(cetyldimethylammonium) propane dibromide (16-3-16) was used as structure-directing agent and stabilizer. The obtained silver nanowires were of high aspect ratios, with an average diameter of ~30 nm and length up to 50 mm. The as-prepared silver nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible absorption spectrum and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The as-prepared silver nanowires had face-centered cubic structure and grew along {111} direction. The effects of various reaction time and temperature on the sample morphology were investigated. With the reaction time prolonging, the length of silver nanowires increased gradually while the diameter changed slightly. Silver nanowires with high aspect radios were obtained at 100 and 120℃, but only irregular particles were produced at 150℃.

Solvothermal Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of CoO Nanoparticles

YE Yin;YUAN Fang-li;HU Peng;LI Shao-hua

. 2006, 6(2): 327-330.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (482KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

CoO nanoparticles have been synthesized by solvothermal method at 150℃, using Co(CH3COO)2×4H2O and CH3CH2OH as reactants. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and the crystalline structure of the CoO nanoparticles. It is revealed that the CoO nanoparticles are in face-centered cubic structure and have an average particle size of about 50 nm. The influences of the concentration of Co(CH3COO)2×4H2O and the reaction time on the particle size of the products have been studied. The growth habit of CoO nanoparticles is also discussed. These CoO nanoparticles are

Effects of Coupling and Solidified Agents on the Thermal-setting Plastic from Phenolic Resin Impregnated by Coal Gangue

WANG Yu-ming;XU Jun;PAN Yi-fang;TYUAN Zhang-fu

. 2006, 6(2): 331-333.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (187KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Mould board based on thermosetting phenolic resin has been made by thermo-mould way, cheap coal gangue and phenolic resin as main raw materials, and other additives, such as coupling and solidified agents, are blended as modified substances of mould board. Some physical and chemical properties of the mould board are studied. The suitable proportion of solidified agents is 6% and that of coupling agents is 1.5%~2.0%. The organic substances in the coal gangue can improve the mechanical properties of the mould board. The higher the ash in the coal gangue is, the less the physical and chemical properties of the mould board can be improved. The values of items of the board reach national standard values except that of tensile strength, so the idea that phenolic resin is modified by coal gangue is feasible.

Progress in Research on Microbial Fuel Cells

LIAN Jing;FENG Ya-li;LI Hao-ran;DU Zhu-wei

. 2006, 6(2): 334-338.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (261KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

According as there are mediators or not, the microbial fuel cells could be classified in two classes: indirect microbial fuel cells and direct microbial fuel cells. In this article, research progresses of microbial fuel cells in recent years were summarized. The operation principles and history of microbial fuel cells were described. Present researches of direct microbial fuel cells and the problems to be resolved were specifically pointed out. Finally, the application prospect of microbial fuel cells was forecasted.

Table of Content