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过程工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 687-694.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.219304

• 过程与工艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种新型3D打印成型-脱脂-烧结工艺

程耀华*, 边慧光, 汪传生, 蔡 宁   

  1. 青岛科技大学机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266061
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-26 修回日期:2019-10-18 出版日期:2020-06-22 发布日期:2020-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 程耀华 qustcyh2013@126.com

A new 3D printing molding-degreasing-sintering process

Yaohua CHENG*, Huiguang BIAN, Chuansheng WANG, Ning CAI   

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
  • Received:2019-09-26 Revised:2019-10-18 Online:2020-06-22 Published:2020-06-19

摘要: 基于316L不锈钢粉末与高分子材料配方,首先利用开炼机对配方材料进行充分混炼,粉碎、干燥后,制备出大小相对均匀的物料混合物颗粒。然后利用自主研制的粉体喂料3D打印机,对金属坯体进行3D打印,随后采用溶剂脱脂法对金属胚体进行脱脂,最后对其进行烧结实验,研究在不同烧结工艺条件下所得试样的物理机械性能,由此分析确定最佳的烧结工艺。结果表明,随烧结温度升高,烧结制品的致密化程度逐步增加,各项物理机械性能也逐步提高,在1370℃烧结工艺条件下,所得金属制品各项物理机械性能最佳,且和传统粉末冶金制品相接近,其烧结密度达7.43 g/cm3,抗拉强度达501.2 MPa,冲击位移达4.54 mm,延伸率达27.1%,抗弯曲力达16.54 KN ,硬度达80.74 HRB。同时,通过微观对比、机理分析及实验验证,印证了1370℃为最佳的烧结工艺,烧结制品具有成分均匀、组织细小和性能稳定等优点。

关键词: 不锈钢粉末, 高分子材料, 粉体喂料3D打印机, 脱脂, 烧结

Abstract: In recent years, 3D printing is widely used in various industries due to its advantages. The traditional metal material 3D printing processes are mainly based on selective laser sintering technology. The equipments and raw materials are very expensive. Additionally, because of various limitations of the raw materials and the intensity of the laser beam, there are various problems in the processed parts and their post-treatment process. In China, the equipments for 3D printing and raw materials in the form of metal powder are mostly imported and expensive. Aiming at this situation, a new 3D printing molding?degreasing?sintering process which was based on 316L stainless steel powder and polymer material formulation was proposed in this work. Firstly, the formula material was fully mixed by the open mill, crushed and dried. The particle size of mixed material was relatively uniform. Then, the metal blank was 3D printed by using the self-developed powder feeding 3D printer, and the metal body was degreased by solvent degreasing method. Finally, the sintering experiments were carried out to study the samples obtained under different sintering conditions. The optimum sintering process was obtained through the analysis about physical and mechanical properties of the samples. The results showed that with the increase of sintering temperature, the densification degree of sintered products gradually increased, and the physical and mechanical properties were gradually improved. When the sintering temperature was 1370℃, the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained metal products were the best. The properties of metallurgical products produced by this technology are similar to those produced by traditional powder metallurgy, the sintered density reached 7.43 g/cm3, the tensile strength reached 501.2 MPa, the impact displacement reached 4.54 mm, the elongation reached 27.1%, the bending resistance reached 16.54 KN, and the hardness reached 80.74 HRB. At the same time, through micro-contrast, mechanism analysis and experimental verification, it was proved that 1370℃ was the best sintering condition, and the sintered products had the advantages of uniform composition, fine structure and stable performance. The research of this molding method was beneficial to reduce the cost of metal 3D printing and the difficulty of molding complex metal products, and the method had broad prospects.

Key words: stainless steel powder, polymer material, powder feeding 3D printer, degreasing, sintering