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过程工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (8): 921-928.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.219316

• 反应与分离 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于硫酸减量化从钕铁硼废料中选择性转型分离稀土

汪金良， 王龙君， 刘付朋*   

  1. 江西理工大学材料冶金化学学部冶金工程学院，江西 赣州 341000
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-17 修回日期:2019-12-17 出版日期:2020-08-24 发布日期:2020-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘付朋 fupengliu@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    闪速炼铅非平衡多相反应体系中精矿迁移转化及反应强化机制;电子废料NRT熔炼过程元素分配行为及污染防控机制研究;钕铁硼废料选择性转型过程中RE/Fe的深度分离及调控机制;闪速炼铅非平衡多相体系中精矿迁移转化及反应强化机制;电子废料NRT熔炼过程元素分配行为及反应强化机制

Selective transformation and separation of rare earths from NdFeB magnet scraps based on sulfuric acid reduction

Jinliang WANG, Longjun WANG, Fupeng LIU*   

  1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
  • Received:2019-10-17 Revised:2019-12-17 Online:2020-08-24 Published:2020-08-24

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摘要： 针对现阶段钕铁硼废料中稀土难于经济有效提取的现状，开展了钕铁硼废料硫酸化焙烧选择性分离稀土的研究。结果表明，Fe2(SO4)3亦可使稀土氧化物发生硫酸盐转型，这使硫酸用量显著减少，在硫酸用量为理论量的2.0倍、焙烧温度750℃、焙烧时间1.5 h条件下，近98%的稀土氧化物在H2SO4, Fe2(SO4)3的共同作用下转化为易分离的硫酸稀土，而铁的浸出率小于0.1%，主要以易于冶炼的赤铁矿(Fe2O3)物相存在于渣中，该工艺实现了硫酸的减量化与钕铁硼废料的综合利用。

关键词: 钕铁硼废料, 选择性分离, 减量化, 稀土, 硫酸

Abstract: Considering the current status associated with the difficult extraction of rare earths in NdFeB magnet scraps in terms of economy and efficiency, rare earths were selectively separated from NdFeB magnet scraps by sulfating roasting. Fe2(SO4)3 was found to induce the sulfate transformation of rare-earth oxides, significantly reducing the amount of sulfuric acid. Almost 98% of rare earth oxides were transformed to soluble rare earth sulfate by the combined action of H2SO4 and Fe2(SO4)3 under conditions of a theoretical amount of sulfuric acid of 2.0 times, a roasting temperature of 750℃, and a roasting time of 1.5 h, while less than 0.1% of iron was leached, mainly existing in the form of a residue as a hematite (Fe2O3) phase; this hematite phase can be easily smelted in iron works. As a result, the reduction of sulfuric acid and the comprehensive utilization of NdFeB magnet scraps are achieved.

Key words: NdFeB magnet scraps, Selective separation, Reduction, Rare earths, sulfuric acid