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过程工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (12): 1363-1376.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.219327

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电子废弃物机械–物理协同强化资源化利用的研究进展

杨文涛1,2， 陶天一2， 白 皓1*， 曹宏斌2， 孙 峙2*   

  1. 1. 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083 2. 中国科学院过程工程研究所绿色过程与工程重点实验室，北京市过程污染控制工程技术研究中心，北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-30 修回日期:2020-03-26 出版日期:2020-12-22 发布日期:2020-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 白皓 baihao@metall.ustb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技部重点专项;Magnéli相亚氧化钛的可控制备、微结构与性能基础研究

Research progress on waste electric and electronic equipment mechanical–physical synergy and resource utilization

Wentao YANG1,2, Tianyi TAO2, Hao BAI1*, Hongbin CAO2, Zhi SUN2*   

  1. 1. School of Metallurical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2019-10-30 Revised:2020-03-26 Online:2020-12-22 Published:2020-12-22
  • Contact: Hao Bai baihao@metall.ustb.edu.cn

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摘要： 电子废弃物组成复杂，含有金属相、有机物、氧化物材料等；其结合方式复杂，有黏结、螺丝连接、焊锡固定和卡扣连接等。在这些复杂的成分之中不仅含有多种稀贵金属而且还包含像铅、镉等多种有毒的重金属和各种溴化阻燃剂等有毒的有机物。这些电子废弃物如果不能进行有效回收，将会对环境造成巨大的危害，同时电子废弃物中稀贵金属的含量远高于自然矿物，因此回收电子废弃物中稀贵金属将能有效地缓解自然资源日益紧张的局面。与传统的化学回收方法相比，机械物理的回收方法具有操作简单、经济效益好、环境污染小等优点，被广泛应用于电子废弃物的回收过程。本工作概述了近年来电子废弃物机械物理资源化利用的研究进展，对机械物理回收的各个过程进行了系统地总结，包括前期的拆解和破碎过程以及最重要的物理分选技术，通过对不同分选技术优缺点的比较，指出对破碎产物进行形态调控将极大地提高机械物理处理的回收效率。

关键词: 电子废弃物, 破碎, 物理分选, 回收, 资源化

Abstract: With the rapid development of the information society and the digital economy, there is a huge amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generated every year in the world. The composition of WEEE is complex, containing metal phase, organic matter, oxide materials, etc; the combinations are complicated, which are bonding, screw connection, solder fixing and snap connection. These complex components contain not only a variety of rare metals, but also various toxic heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and various toxic organic substances such as various brominated flame retardants. If these WEEE cannot be effectively recycled, they will cause great harm to the environment. At the same time, the content of rare metals in WEEE is much higher than that in natural minerals. Therefore, rare metals recycling from WEEE can effectively alleviate the increasingly tense in resources. The traditional recycling method can recover various metal resources in electronic waste, but it has high energy consumption and serious pollution. While, the mechanical–physical recovery method has the advantages of simple operation, good economic benefit, small environmental pollution, and has been widely used in the recycling process of WEEE. The physical separation methods include gravity separation, magnetic separation, electrostatic separation, and eddy current separation. The mechanical–physical synergy has received extensive attention in recent years. This work summarized the research progress of mechanical waste utilization of WEEE in recent years, and systematically summarized the various processes of mechanical and physical recovery, including the previous disassembly and crushing process and the most important physical separation technology. The comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the separation technology indicated that the morphological regulation of the crushed product will greatly improve the recovery efficiency of the mechanical–physical treatment.

Key words: waste electric and electronic equipment, scraping, mechanical separation, recovery, resource