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过程工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 1287-1296.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.221312

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

LNG槽车瞬态泄漏特性及事故后果研究

门金龙1， 纪红兵1， 蔡冲冲2*， 熊碧波1
  

  1. 1. 广东石油化工学院，广东 茂名 525000 2. 茂名绿色化工研究院，广东 茂名 525000
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-29 修回日期:2021-11-25 出版日期:2022-09-28 发布日期:2022-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 蔡冲冲 1264622935@qq.com
  • 作者简介:门金龙(1988-)，男，河南省驻马店市人，博士，副教授，安全工程专业，E-mail: 523033589@qq.com；通讯联系人，蔡冲冲，E-mail: 1264622935@qq.com.
  • 基金资助:
    广东省高校特色创新项目;茂名市科技计划项目;广东石油化工学院引进人才科研项目

Research on transient leakage characteristics and consequence of LNG tanker accident

Jinlong MEN1,  Hongbing JI1,  Chongchong CAI2*,  Bibo XIONG1   

  1. 1. Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China 2. Maoming Green Chemical Industry Research Institute, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
  • Received:2021-09-29 Revised:2021-11-25 Online:2022-09-28 Published:2022-10-09

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摘要： 我国每年危化品道路运输量占总货运量的30%以上，运输安全事故发生率居高不下。通过构建槽车泄漏事故，针对液相泄漏经典模型对于瞬态研究的局限性，结合罐内气体状态方程和复合积分法改进泄漏模型，研究了卧罐泄漏速率与时间耦合关系。结果表明，泄漏速率随时间推移呈二阶指数衰减关系，利用泄漏速率函数与时间叠加修正高斯模型，将修正后的关系运用到火灾爆炸事故后果计算中，得出泄漏最远距离为37.5 m，喷射火和沸腾液体扩展蒸汽爆炸(Boiling Liquid Expand Vapor Explosion, BLEVE)分别造成15和298 m内人员致死率达37%，蒸气云爆炸15 m内人员致死率为1%。利用Fluent和Aloha模型验证了模型精度，可为危险液体储罐泄漏定量风险评价和突发事件事前预判提供理论依据。

关键词: 液化天然气, 瞬时泄漏速率, 动态扩散, 火灾, 爆炸

Abstract: The classical model of liquid phase leakage can not accurately analyze the accident quantitatively. In this work, the leakage of LNG tank car is improved in combination with the ideal gas state equation, the change relationship between liquid level and pressure and between liquid level and time are explored, the relationship is introduced into the empirical formula, the change relationship between leakage rate and time is deduced, and the function expression is simulated. The results show that the leakage rate decreases exponentially with time. The dangerous concentration range of material leakage is calculated by combining the functional relationship with Gaussian diffusion. The error between the results and fluent model is within 26%. On the basis of modifying the traditional Gaussian model, the dynamic smoke diffusion model with time and pressure is obtained. The modified dangerous concentration range is used as the basic data to quantitatively analyze the mass of substances involved in explosion. The Thornton cone model is also used to explore the risk and influence range of fire and explosion by considering the flame jet angle, flame direction and environmental factors. The results show that jet fire, steam cloud explosion and boiling liquid expansion steam explosion cause death within 15, 15 and 298 m respectively. Compared with Aloha model, the overall error of the results is within 10.37%. It shows that the model is applicable to the theoretical calculation of LNG tank car leakage. The leakage at any time can be obtained by using the improved leakage model. Combined with the Gaussian diffusion of time factors, the dynamic diffusion process can be better described, and the calculated fire and explosion hazard range is more accurate, which provides a theoretical basis for emergency pre judgment, in-process response and crisis law analysis. It provides a scientific reference for taking flexible rescue measures in different injury areas.

Key words: liquefied natural gas, scenario construction, leakage and diffusion, fire, explosion