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过程工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 571-579.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.222160

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于焦磷酸哌嗪阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫制备及性能

刘梦茹， 黄福临， 孙俊杰， 刘秀玉， 朱庆明， 唐刚*
  

  1. 安徽工业大学建筑工程学院，安徽 马鞍山 243032
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-05 修回日期:2022-06-17 出版日期:2023-04-28 发布日期:2023-05-04
  • 通讯作者: 唐刚 tanggang@ahut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘梦茹，硕士研究生，供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程专业，E-mail: Dreamliu825@163.com；通讯联系人，唐刚，副教授，主要从事绿色建筑材料、固体废弃物资源化利用、阻燃聚合物复合材料基础及应用研究，E-mail: tanggang@ahut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金;安徽省自然基金

Preparation and properties of piperazine pyrophosphate based flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam

Mengru LIU,  Fulin HUANG,  Junjie SUN,  Xiuyu LIU,  Qingming ZHU,  Gang TANG*   

  1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
  • Received:2022-05-05 Revised:2022-06-17 Online:2023-04-28 Published:2023-05-04

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摘要： 能源危机促使建筑材料朝着高质量方向发展，硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)是性能优异的保温材料，但易点燃，有潜在的安全隐患，因此需要对其进行阻燃处理。焦磷酸哌嗪(PAPP)是一款磷氮复合的阻燃剂，将其添加至RPUF体系中，可解决RPUF阻燃性差的问题。采用极限氧指数(LOI)、热重(TG)、锥形量热(CCT)等研究PPAP/RPUF的阻燃性能和燃烧性能。扫描电镜(SEM)展示了RPUF微观泡孔结构，结果表明，PAPP的加入使泡孔结构的不均性和破损性增加。阻燃测试表明：PAPP能有效抑制材料的滴落，添加50wt%的PAPP，复合材料的LOI值最高，为22.7vol%，且UL-94测试通过V-0级别。TG测试表明：PAPP的分解分为三个阶段，其第二阶段的分解速率最大，分解产生的酸性物质使RPUF拥有更高的残炭率，其中PAPP50/RPUF在700℃时残炭量为34.4wt%，炭渣在凝聚相起到阻隔热量和可燃气体的释放的作用；CCT测试证实了PAPP抑制材料燃烧热的释放，其中PAPP50/RPUF燃烧产生的热释放速率峰值(PHRR)和总热释放(THR)较纯样降低了54%和41%。机械测试表明，PAPP使PPAP/RPUF的导热系数增加，抗压强度减少。

关键词: 硬质聚氨酯泡沫, 焦磷酸哌嗪, 阻燃, 复合材料, 热稳定性

Abstract: The energy crisis has led to the development of building materials in the direction of high quality. Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is an insulation material with many excellent performances. However, the rigid polyurethane foam has the defect of being extremely easy to be ignited, and there is a potential safety hazard in the actual use, so it needs to be treated with flame retardant. Piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) is a flame retardant that contains both phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardant elements, and it can be added to the RPUF system which can solve the problem of being weak in flame retardancy of RPUF. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric (TG), and cone calorimetry (CCT) have been used to investigate the flame retardant properties and combustion performance of PPAP/RPUF composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the microscopic vesicle structure of RPUF, and the results showed that the addition of PAPP increased the inhomogeneity and breakage of the vesicle structure. The flame retardant test indicated that the addition of PAPP could effectively inhibit the dripping of the composite, with the highest LOI value of the composite material at 22.7vol% and passing the UL-94 test at V-0 level with the addition of 50wt% PAPP. TG test conducted that the decomposition of PAPP was divided into three stages, and the decomposition rate of its second stage was the largest. The acid substances produced by the decomposition of PPAP made RPUF matrix have a higher char residue rate, in which the char residue of PAPP50/RPUF increased to 34.4wt% at 700℃, and the char residue plays a role in blocking heat and releasing combustible gas in the condensed phase. CCT test confirmed that PAPP could inhibit the release of the heat of combustion from the composite material, and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) generated by PAPP50/RPUF combustion were 54% and 41% lower than those of pure sample. The mechanical properties test demonstrated that the addition of PAPP increased the thermal conductivity and reduced the compressive strength of the PPAP/RPUF composites.

Key words: rigid polyurethane foam, piperazine pyrophosphate, flame retardant, composites, thermal stability