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过程工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 681-691.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.223272CSTR: 32067.14.jproeng.223272

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于优化关键参数的重气扩散模型应用

尹佳美1， 刘海燕1,2,3， 刘泽纯1， 吴炜4， 何娟霞1*   

  1. 1. 广西大学资源环境与材料学院，广西 南宁 530004 2. 广西高校环境保护重点实验室，广西 南宁 530004 3. 广西新污染物监测预警与环境健康风险评估重点实验室，广西 南宁 530004 4. 南宁市消防救援支队，广西 南宁 530200
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11 修回日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2024-06-28 发布日期:2024-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 何娟霞 hejuanxia2005@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    广西重点研发计划项目;广西自然科学基金;广西大学博士科研基金

Application research based on optimization of key parameters in heavy gas dispersion model

Jiamei YIN1,  Haiyan LIU1,2,3,  Zechun LIU1,  Wei WU4,  Juanxia HE1*   

  1. 1. School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China 2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China 3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Monitoring, Early Warning and Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China 4. Nanning Municipal Fire and Rescue Brigade, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
  • Received:2023-10-11 Revised:2023-12-15 Online:2024-06-28 Published:2024-06-26

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摘要： 危险化学品储罐一旦发生泄漏事故，将极有可能造成灾难性的事故后果。为了提高重气扩散模型模拟结果的精确性，改进SLAB模型中的扩散系数得到SLAB-D模型，然后基于SLAB-M模型改进扩散系数的算法，建立SLAB-MD模型；随后采用Jack Rabbit II液氯泄漏1, 7, 9号试验对模型性能进行评估。结果表明，四种模型的性能为SLAB-MD>SLAB-D>SLAB-M> SLAB，其中SLAB-MD模型表现优异，统计性能评估指标接近最优值，平均相对偏差, 几何平均偏差, 平均相对平方差, 几何平均方差和FAC2的值分别为0.27, 1.34, 0.18, 1.24和0.93。利用SLAB-MD模型对三起典型危化品泄漏事故进行模拟分析，预测重气浓度分布、三维浓度曲面等关键信息，并根据保护行动标准值预测事故伤亡范围。这些预测结果可为危险化学物质泄漏的应急救援提供有效的技术指导。

关键词: 大气污染, 重气扩散, 气象参数, 模型优化, 动态模拟

Abstract: Leakage accidents from storage tanks with dangerous chemicals may cause catastrophic consequences. For the purpose of improving the predicted accuracy of heavy gas dispersion during release incidents, the dispersion coefficients were improved in SLAB to obtain the SLAB-D model. Then SLAB-MD model was developed by integrating the optimization algorithms of dispersion coefficients based on the SLAB-M. The Jack Rabbit II (Trials 1, 7, and 9) liquid chlorine leakage experiments were employed as the dataset to evaluate and validate models' performance. The outcomes revealed that the four models' performances were ranked as SLAB-MD>SLAB-D>SLAB-M>SLAB, and the statistical performance measurements (SPMs) of the SLAB-MD model were close to the ideal values, among which the mean relative bias (MRB), geometric mean (MG), mean relative square error (MRSE), geometric variance (VG), and factor of 2 (FAC2) were 0.27, 1.34, 0.18, 1.24, and 0.93, respectively, which proved that SLAB-MD was excellent in accurately predicting the dispersion of heavy gas leaks. Finally, the model was used to analyze three typical heavy gas leakage and dispersion accidents at domestic and international, which obtained key information such as heavy gas concentration distribution and three-dimensional concentration surface. Additionally, the range of potential casualties was predicted based on the protective action criteria values (PACs). The potential impact zones at the downwind distance, including fatalities, serious injuries, and minor injuries, were 0.15, 1.75, and 7.6 km2, 0.22, 1.98, and 7.03 km2, and 0.12×10-3, 0.29×10-3, and 0.88×10-3 km2 in the context of liquid chlorine continuous release, liquid chlorine instantaneous leakage, and vinyl chloride continuous discharge, respectively. At sensitive points, the longest escape time was 28 min for liquid chlorine continuous leakage accident, and aftereffect time was 40 min for vinyl chloride continuous release accident. In summary, these predictions provide critical information and effective technical guidance that can be used for emergency response planning and management involving hazardous chemical material spills.

Key words: air pollution, heavy gas dispersion, meteorological parameters, model optimization, dynamic simulation