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过程工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 1251-1262.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.224019CSTR: 32067.14.jproeng.224019

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锂云母提锂技术研究进展

杨泓1,3,4， 钟巍2， 钟发平2*， 赵佳慧1,3,4， 李栋1,3,4， 张磊1,3,4， 郭学益1,3,4   

  1. 1. 中南大学冶金与环境学院，湖南 长沙 410083 2. 先进储能材料国家工程研究中心，湖南 长沙 410205 3. 有色金属资源循环利用国家地方联合工程研究中心，湖南 长沙 410083 4. 有色金属资源循环利用湖南省重点实验室，湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-12 修回日期:2024-04-15 出版日期:2024-11-28 发布日期:2024-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 钟发平 yanghong870@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    博士后创新人才支持计划资助

Research progress of lithium extraction technology from lepidolite

Hong YANG1,3,4,  Wei ZHONG2,  Faping ZHONG2*,  Jiahui ZHAO1,3,4,  Dong LI1,3,4, Lei ZHANG1,3,4,  Xueyi GUO1,3,4   

  1. 1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China 2. National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China 3. National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Resources, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China 4. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
  • Received:2024-01-12 Revised:2024-04-15 Online:2024-11-28 Published:2024-11-27

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摘要： 锂及其化合物是现代工业不可或缺的材料，在电池、陶瓷、润滑剂等领域有着重要应用。尽管我国含有丰富的锂资源，但大部分赋存于盐湖卤水中，受资源禀赋和地理位置气候的限制，其产能无法满足我国新能源产业快速发展的需求，矿石提锂已成为重要的锂产品来源。江西宜春地区拥有我国最大的伴生锂云母资源，开发利用其中锂云母资源对保障我国锂资源的可持续发展具有重要意义。本工作综述了现有锂云母提锂工艺的原理和优缺点，在对现有方法的认识基础上，对酸法、碱法和盐法等典型锂云母提锂工艺进行了总结和评价，其中酸法工艺较为成熟，但存在浸出液除杂困难、提锂效率低和设备腐蚀问题；碱法工艺虽然提锂效率高，但其反应机理尚未明晰，废渣难以利用；盐法工艺虽然对锂的选择性高、工艺简单，但也存在能耗高、渣量大的问题。锂云母提取工艺的发展方向应致力于多种技术协同处理，实现有价元素高效、经济和环保的提取，为此提出了一些工艺改进的措施，旨在为未来工艺的研究、开发、优化和工业应用提供参考。

关键词: 锂资源, 锂云母, 提锂工艺, 综合利用

Abstract: Lithium and its compounds are indispensable materials in modern industry and have important applications in the fields of batteries, ceramics and lubricants. China is rich in lithium resources, most of which occur in salt lake brine. However, due to the limitation of resource endowment and geographical location and climate, its production capacity cannot meet the needs of the rapid development of new energy industry in China, and lithium extraction from ores has become an important source of lithium products. Yichun, Jiangxi province has the largest associated lepidolite resources in China, and the development and utilization of lepidolite resources is of great significance to ensure the sustainable development of lithium resources in China. In this review, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of the existing lithium extraction processes from lepidolite are summarized. Based on the understanding of the existing methods, typical lithium extraction processes from lepidolite such as acid method, alkali method and salt method are summarized and evaluated. Among them, the acid method is mature, but there are some problems such as difficulty in impurity removal from leaching solution, low efficiency in lithium extraction and equipment corrosion. Although the alkali process has high efficiency of extracting lithium, its reaction mechanism is not clear, and the waste residue is difficult to use. Although the salt process has high selectivity to lithium and simple process, it also has the problems of high energy consumption and large amount of slag. The development direction of lepidolite extraction technology should focus on the collaborative treatment of multiple technologies to achieve efficient, economical and environmentally friendly extraction of valuable elements. Therefore, some measures to improve the process are put forward, aiming at providing reference for the future research, development, optimization and industrial application of the process.

Key words: lithium resources, lepidolite, lithium extraction process, comprehensive utilization