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过程工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 804-819.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.224345

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

废旧过渡金属锂离子电池焙烧-优先提锂进展

郝娟， 葛竺艳， 王海锋*， 赵若希， 王佳炜， 马小雪， 张浩， 谢卫宁， 何亚群   

  1. 中国矿业大学化工学院，江苏 徐州 221116
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 修回日期:2025-02-25 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 王海锋 whfcumt@cumt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科技计划专项资金资助项目

Progress in roasting-priority lithium extraction of spent transition metal lithium-ion batteries

Juan HAO,  Zhuyan GE,  Haifeng WANG*,  Ruoxi ZHAO,  Jiawei WANG,  Xiaoxue MA,  #br# Hao ZHANG,  Weining XIE,  Yaqun HE   

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
  • Received:2024-11-11 Revised:2025-02-25 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-08-26
  • Contact: Haifeng 海Wang whfcumt@cumt.edu.cn

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摘要： 随着电动汽车、储能等产业的快速发展，锂离子电池(Lithium-ion Batteries, LIBs)需求量保持快速增长。与此同时，废旧LIBs产量急剧增加，其清洁高效循环利用成为国内外迫切需要解决的重大问题。LIBs按正极材料主要分为LiCoO2 (LCO), Li(NiCoMn)O2 (NCM), LiMn2O4 (LMO), Li(NiCoAl)O2 (NCA), LiFePO4 (LFP)以及富锂锰基氧化物(LLO)。针对废旧过渡金属LIBs，焙烧-优先提锂工艺由于浸出阶段可将锂优先回收，避免了多步分离造成的锂损失，减少了浸出阶段酸碱和其他试剂的使用，同时将高价态过渡金属还原，为其酸浸做好准备，成为废旧过渡金属LIBs回收的关键技术。为了改善焙烧效果、提高水浸提锂和过渡金属元素浸出率，国内外学者尝试采用各种添加剂进行焙烧，开发了各具特色的焙烧工艺。本综述总结了现有处理工艺的优势与不足，展望了废旧LIBs资源化技术的发展方向，可为废旧LIBs绿色低碳资源化循环利用提供一定参考。

关键词: 废旧锂离子电池, 焙烧, 优先提锂, 浸出, 资源化回收

Abstract: With the rapid development of electric vehicles, energy storage and other industries, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has maintained rapid growth. At the same time, the production of spent LIBs has increased sharply, and its clean and efficient recycling has become a major problem that needs to be solved urgently at home and abroad. LIBs cathode materials are mainly LiCoO2 (LCO), Li(NiCoMn)O2 (NCM), LiMn2O4 (LMO), Li(NiCoAl)O2 (NCA), LiFePO4 (LFP), and lithium-rich manganese based oxides (LLO). For the spent transition metal LIBs, roasting-priority lithium extraction process has become the key technology of spent transition metal LIBs recovery because it can preferentially recover lithium in the leaching stage, avoid the loss of lithium caused by multi-step separation, reduce the use of acid base and other reagents in the leaching stage, and the transition metal is reduced for its acid leaching. In order to improve the roasting effect and increase the leaching rate of water extraction of lithium and transition metal elements, scholars at home and abroad have tried to use a variety of materials for roasting, and developed their own unique roasting processes. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing treatment technology, and looks forward to the development direction of spent LIBs recycling technology, which provides a certain reference for the green and low-carbon recycling of spent LIBs.

Key words: spent lithium-ion batteries, roasting, priority lithium extraction, leaching, resource recovery