关键词: 镓, 含镓电子废弃物, 回收技术, 湿法冶金, 火法冶金, 生物冶金

Abstract: As an important rare element, gallium has a wide range of applications in many fields such as industry, medicine, military, etc. However, due to the low concentration of gallium in the earth's crust and its wide distribution, it exists in the form of chalcopyrite. It is generally recovered from the by-products of gallium-containing waste in traditional industries such as sphalerite, aluminum ore, fly ash, etc. Gallium-containing electronic waste can be divided into two types of waste electronic products and gallium-containing waste generated in the production process. To solve the problem of shortage of gallium resources, researchers currently recover gallium from gallium-containing electronic waste. Due to the associated heavy metals, flammable organic substances, and other harmful substances, it has the dual attributes of environment and resources extensive attention. Gallium mainly exists in the form of compounds in e-waste such as GaN, GaAs, CIGS, IGZO, and has the characteristics of many associated elements and stable physical and chemical properties. Generally, the fire or wet method is used to recover gallium from GaN waste; gallium of GaAs waste is mostly obtained by wet method; gallium is extracted from IGZO (GZO) display screen by acid leaching and then purified. This article systematically sorts out the current status of gallium-containing electronic waste recycling and treatment, summarizes the applications of hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and biometallurgy in recycling different types of gallium-containing electronic waste. The difference in the use of material recovery technology and the separation and purification methods points out the current technical problems and the future development direction of recycling gallium-containing electronic waste.

Key words: gallium, gallium containing e-waste, recycling method, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, biometallurgy