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过程工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (8): 895-904.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.220187

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

分级多孔碳的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

崔颖1,2, 刘威1,2, 肖赛君1,2*
  

  1. 1. 安徽工业大学冶金工程学院,安徽 马鞍山 243000

    2. 安徽工业大学冶金减排与资源综合利用教育部重点实验室,安徽 马鞍山 243000

  • 收稿日期:2020-06-16 修回日期:2020-09-04 出版日期:2021-08-28 发布日期:2021-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 肖赛君 jxddroc@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省留学回国人员创新创业扶持计划

Preparation of hierarchical porous carbon and its application in supercapacitors

Ying CUI1,2,  Wei LIU1,2,  Saijun XIAO1,2*   

  1. 1. School of Metallurgy Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma′anshan, Anhui 243000, China

    2. Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling, Anhui University of Technology, Ma′anshan,
    Anhui 243000, China

  • Received:2020-06-16 Revised:2020-09-04 Online:2021-08-28 Published:2021-08-24

摘要: 超级电容器因其高功率密度、超高速充放电、高稳定性等突出特点在电化学储能装置中引起人们极大关注。在当前开发的电极材料中,碳材料因其良好的导电性、孔隙率及形貌可调等特点备受青睐。传统的单一微孔碳材料具有较大的比表面积,但存在利用率低、孔道堵塞、电阻较大等问题。针对上述问题,研究人员对分级结构多孔碳材料开展了广泛的研究。本工作通过分析调研国内外相关文献,详细评述了现有分级多孔碳材料制备方法,简要介绍了各方法的原理和优缺点,同时对分级多孔碳应用于超级电容器时的性能改进方法进行了总结,并展望了其未来发展方向,为将来分级多孔碳的进一步研究提供参考。

关键词: 超级电容器, 分级多孔结构, 碳材料

Abstract: The rapid development of the global economy inevitably caused the rapid consumption of fossil resources and serious environmental pollution problems. Thus, the clean production and effective storage of sustainable energy have become one of the urgent problems to be solved. Among the new developed energy sources, solar energy, wind energy, and water energy are considered to be the most promising green energy sources, but the storage and conversion technologies of these energy sources limit their larger-scale applications. In recent years, supercapacitors have attracted great attention in electrochemical energy storage devices due to their outstanding characteristics such as high power density, ultra-fast charge and discharge characteristic and high stability. The energy storage performance of supercapacitors is mainly dependent on the electrode materials. Among the current developed electrode materials, porous carbon materials received more attention because of their excellent electrical conductivity, well-developed pore characteristics, and adjustable morphology structures. Traditional carbon materials are always developed into microporous materials to have a large specific surface area, but this kind of porous carbon also have some unavoidable deficiencies, such as low pores utilization, clogged pores, and large resistance. In order to avoid the defects of single-pore carbon materials in the application process, many researchers are working on the development of hierarchical porous carbon materials with micropores, mesopores and macropores. In this review, the several advanced synthetic strategies of hierarchical porous carbon materials were present in detail through analyzing relevant domestic and foreign literatures. The corresponding formation mechanisms, advantages, challenges and prospects of each method were briefly introduced, and the methods for improving capacitance performance of hierarchical porous carbon material were also summarized. This provides fundamental insight and offers important guidelines for the future design of hierarchical porous carbon and its application in energy storage.

Key words: Supercapacitor, hierarchical porous structure, carbon material