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过程工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (12): 1383-1394.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.220412

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生物质吸附材料对Cr(VI)的吸附还原研究进展

武少杰1,2， 郭成1,2， 胡笳3， 高翔鹏1,2,3*， 李明阳1,2， 龙红明1,2
  

  1. 1. 安徽工业大学冶金工程学院，安徽 马鞍山 243002 2. 安徽工业大学冶金减排与资源综合利用教育部重点实验室，安徽 马鞍山 243002 3. 安徽欣创节能环保科技股份有限公司，安徽 马鞍山 243071
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-16 修回日期:2021-01-24 出版日期:2021-12-28 发布日期:2022-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 高翔鹏 gxp1992@ahut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金;中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目;安徽省高校科学研究重点项目

Research progress on adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) by biomass adsorption materials

Shaojie WU1,2,  Cheng GUO1,2,  Jia HU3,  Xiangpeng GAO1,2,3*,  Mingyang LI1,2,  Hongming LONG1,2   

  1. 1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China 2. Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China 3. Anhui Xinchuang Energy Saving & Environmental Protection Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Ma'anshan, Anhui 243071, China
  • Received:2020-12-16 Revised:2021-01-24 Online:2021-12-28 Published:2022-03-28

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摘要： 重金属污染是当今工业发展所面临的一个重要环境问题，传统处理含铬废水的方法具有工艺简单、操作方便等优点，但存在二次污染、处理成本高等问题。寻找成本低、去除效率高的重金属废水处理方法是当下研究的一个重要方向。本工作介绍了生物质吸附法对含铬废水的处理研究，简述了生物质材料在金属吸附回收领域的优势，分析了当前生物质吸附材料的研究内容和发展现状，归纳了目前常用的物理、化学改性方法，并详细介绍了改性生物质材料对Cr(VI)的吸附效果，然后根据吸附剂表面活性基团与吸附质之间相互作用的类型，分析总结了生物质吸附材料对Cr(VI)的四种吸附机理以及在吸附过程中氨基、羟基、硫醇等活性基团作为电子供体对Cr(VI)的还原机理。最后，从研究与应用的角度，对生物质吸附材料吸附还原Cr(VI)的未来研究方向做出展望。

关键词: 废水, 六价铬, 生物质吸附剂, 吸附, 还原

Abstract: The traditional methods for treating chromium-containing wastewater include chemical precipitation, electro deposition, membrane filtration, and ion exchange. These methods are generally simple and convenient; however, some drawbacks such as secondary pollution and high treatment cost remain unsolved. Hence it is of urgent need to find a low-cost and efficient heavy metal containing wastewater treatment method. Biosorption is an emerging technology for the treatment of heavy metal containing wastewater, which has received numerous attention from researchers. Due to its simplicity and low-cost, biosorption is regarded as one of the green and environmental friendly methods to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Biomass material surface contains a large number of active functional groups, which exhibits high metal uptake capacity and affinity towards industrial effluents. After modification, the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of the adsorbent can be improved significantly. However, due to some shortcomings in physical and chemical properties, the application of biomass adsorbents in industrial wastewater is still limited. This review introduces the research on the treatment of chromium containing wastewater by biomass adsorption, and compared biosorption with conventional treatment methods in the field of metal adsorption and recovery, followed by focusing on the current research progress and development of biosorption materials with conventional physical and chemical modifications. The adsorption characteristics and influencing factors for the removal of heavy metal ions by modified biomass are analyzed, with the comparison of modified biomaterials with other adsorbents on the efficiency of removing hexavalent chromium ions. Afterwards, according to the type of interaction between the surfactant and the adsorbent, it can be concluded four adsorption mechanisms of biomass adsorbents towards hexavalent chromium, which are complexation/chelation, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, and oxidation-reduction reaction. According to the activity and electron-donating ability of the groups on the adsorption materials, active functional groups including amino, hydroxyl, and thiol are generally act as electron donors during the adsorption process.

Key words: wastewater, hexavalent chromium, biosorbent, adsorption, reduction