Abstract: In order to solve the contradictions in three aspects existing in the traditional AAO method, that was the sludge ages, the demand for carbon source and the phosphorus release of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the anaerobic process influenced by the nitrates carried in the inverse sludge in three kinds of bacteria (i.e., nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and PAOs), to reduce a large amount of reflux sludge, to lower power consumption, to make full use of tank capacity, and to improve the efficiency of sewage treatment practically, the concept of "three sludge" was put forward and the key improvement of AAO was carried out. The improved biochemical reaction tanks such as anoxic tank, anaerobic tank and aerobic tank were equipped with independent automatic separation devices of mud and water to form a unique three sludge system, which were pure anaerobic sludge, pure anoxic sludge and pure aerobic sludge. Each tank was able to control the sludge concentration according to the operation requirements, so that the activated sludge in each tank grew independently in their optimal environment without mutual interference in order to achieve a more efficient biodegradation. The coupling process of the improved AAO +biofilter +flocculation was innovatively designed to treat antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater and was compared with the traditional combination technology. The results showed that the improved technology had a good treatment effect under the conditions of CODcr 253~581 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 29.6~58.5 mg/L, total phosphorus 10.77~23.1 mg/L, design flow rate 30.0 L/h in influent. The average removal rates of CODcr, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were 80.2%, 73.1% and 96.1%, respectively, which were 6.9%, 6.1% and 3.4% higher than those before improvement, respectively. All three indexes of CODcr, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in tail water were in accord with the first great standard of the Integrated Sewage Discharge Standards (GB8978-1996).

Key words: three-sludge system, improved AAO method, biofilter, antibiotic wastewater, mixed industrial wastewater

摘要： 为有效解决传统AAO法中存在的硝化菌、反硝化菌及聚磷菌三种细菌在污泥龄、碳源需求及回流污泥中携带的硝酸盐影响聚磷菌厌氧释放磷这三方面的矛盾，减少大量污泥回流、降低动力消耗、充分利用池容、切实提高污水处理效率，提出“三污泥”理念，对AAO进行关键性改进，改进后的缺氧池、厌氧池、好氧池等生化反应池均自带独立的泥水自动分离的装置，形成独特的三污泥系统(即纯粹的厌氧污泥、纯粹的缺氧污泥和纯粹的好氧污泥)，各池可根据运营需要各自控制污泥浓度，使各池中的活性污泥在各自最佳的环境中生长，互不干扰、相互独立，更高效发挥生物降解作用，创新性设计“改进型AAO法+生物滤池+絮凝沉淀耦合工艺”处理抗生素类制药废水，并与传统型组合技术进行比较。结果表明，进水主要污染物化学需氧量CODcr 253?581 mg/L、氨氮29.6?58.5 mg/L、全磷10.77?23.1 mg/L、设计流量30.0 L/h条件下，改进型技术取得了很好的处理效果，其CODcr、氨氮、全磷的平均去除率分别达80.2%, 73.1%, 96.1%，比改进前分别提高了6.9%, 6.1%, 3.4%，尾水CODcr、氨氮、全磷等三项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。

关键词: 三污泥系统, 改进型AAO法, 生物滤池, 抗生素废水, 混合工业废水