Abstract: The biomass carbon material is a kind of green and renewable energy material. Its efficient utilization is of great significance for the sustainable development of the energy environment and the green and low-carbon transition of energy. Biomass carbon materials are widely used in energy storage and conversion, catalysis, adsorption, and many other fields due to their porous nature, abundant functional groups, large specific surface area, excellent electrochemical performance, low cost, and renewable. However, the properties of biomass carbon materials are not only closely related to the microstructure, but also the heteroatom doping has an important impact on the structure and electrochemical properties of biomass carbon materials. The accurate structure regulation of biomass carbon materials is an effective way to improve their electrochemical performance. In this work, the preparation methods of biomass carbon materials and their applications in supercapacitors are comprehensively reviewed, and the relationship between the structure and properties of porous carbon materials is discussed. On this basis, the influence mechanism and rules of different conditions, and different preparation processes (such as material selection, material treatment, and activation mode) on the structure characteristics of biomass carbon materials are analyzed. In this review, the mechanism and rules of the influence of the structure characteristics on the electrochemical properties of porous biomass carbon materials are described in detail, and the preparation process and performance regulation of porous biomass carbon materials need to be perfected and improved. Finally, the main development directions of preparation technology and electrochemical properties of porous biomass carbon materials in the future are pointed out.

Key words: biomass carbon material, preparation process, electrode material, structural characteristics, electrochemical performance

摘要： 生物质碳材料是一种绿色环保可再生的能源材料，对其高效利用对实现能源环境的可持续发展和能源绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。生物质碳材料具有多孔性、官能团丰富、比表面积大、电化学性能优异、成本低廉和可再生的特点，广泛应用于能源存储与转化、催化、吸附等诸多领域。然而，生物质碳材料的性质不仅与微观结构密切相关，而且杂原子掺杂对生物质碳材料的结构及电化学性能具有重要影响。实现生物质碳材料结构的精准调控是提高其电化学性能的有效途径。本工作全面综述了生物质碳材料的制备方法及其在超级电容器中的应用研究进展，讨论了多孔生物质碳材料结构与性能之间的关系。在此基础上，深入分析了不同条件、不同制备工艺(如材料的选择、材料的处理和活化方式)等因素对多孔生物质碳材料结构特性的影响机理及其规律；详述了多孔生物质碳材料结构特性对电化学性能的影响机制及其规律，分析了多孔生物质碳材料制备过程及其性能调控尚待完善和改进的地方。最后，指出了未来多孔生物质碳材料制备工艺及其电化学性能研究的主要发展方向。

关键词: 生物质碳材料, 制备工艺, 电极材料, 结构特性, 电化学性能