Abstract: During the smelting process, the sintering quality of self-baked electrodes determines whether the arc furnace can operate normally. Taking the Panzhihua Steel Titanium Slag Three-Phase Arc Furnace as a prototype, this paper establishes a multi-physics field model of the coupled electromagnetic field and temperature field, and develops a quick calculation method for electromagnetic field and temperature field to accelerate computation. A comparative analysis of current density, Joule heat, and temperature distributions during the baking process of solid/hollow self-baked electrodes is conducted. The results show that both solid and hollow electrodes exhibit a "low at the center, high at the edge" current density distribution, namely the skin effect, with the skin effect of hollow electrodes weaker than that of solid electrodes, resulting in a more uniform current distribution. Besides, the baking regions of solid and hollow electrodes are located within the contact area of the conductive components, indicating that the self-baked electrodes have enough strength to meet the baking requirements. Meanwhile, the time to reach baking equilibrium for solid and hollow electrodes is about 13.4 hours and 12.8 hours, respectively, with the baking time of hollow electrodes being 4.3% shorter.

Key words: Titanium slag arc furnace, Hollow self-baking electrode, Electrode roasting, Skin effect

摘要： 在钛渣电弧炉冶炼过程中，自焙电极烧结的好坏决定了电弧炉能否正常运行。本文以攀钢钛渣三相电弧炉为原型，建立了交变电磁场耦合温度场的多物理场模型，开发了电磁场、温度场快速计算方法，并对比了实心/中空自焙电极焙烧过程中的电流密度、焦耳热以及温度分布规律。结果表明，实心/中空电极的电流密度分布均出现“中心低，边壁高”的分布，即集肤效应，且中空电极的集肤效应弱于实心电极，即电流分布相对更均匀。此外，实心/中空电极的开始焙烧温度均位于导电原件接触区域内，满足焙烧要求。同时，实心/中空电极到达焙烧平衡时的时间分别约为13.4 h和12.8 h，中空电极的焙烧时间相对缩短4.3%。

关键词: 钛渣电弧炉, 中空自焙电极, 电极焙烧, 集肤效应