Abstract: This review summarized recent research progress in the field of biogas fermentation process including microbial community regulation, process optimization and control, as well as fermentation system designing, and then pointed out that the process instability and low productivity of biogas fermentation is due to lack of enough understanding on the mechanism of anaerobic digestion process. The tendency of research and development in biogas engineering in the near future was also put forward in the following areas for enhancing biogas productivity: metagenomics of microbial community and metabolic network, multi-scale process control, pretreatment and compatibility of waste materials, and co-production of both hydrogen and methane.

Key words: biogas, microbial community, metagenomics, process control, bioreactor

摘要： 综述了沼气发酵菌群、工艺控制和处理系统方面的研究进展，指出对发酵机理缺乏了解是导致过程不稳和效率不高的主要原因，提出将来的研究重点应通过元基因组手段解析菌群相互作用和代谢网络，建立基于反应器操作、VFAs代谢、活性菌群变化和功能基因表达的多尺度过程控制手段，以及发展原料预处理、科学配伍和两相联产氢气甲烷等工艺来提高系统效率.

关键词: 沼气, 菌群, 元基因组, 过程控制, 反应器