Abstract: Recent advances in methanantion catalysts and catalytic mechanism together with the wide applications of methanation in industry were reviewed, focusing on the effects of catalyst supports, promoters, active components as well as preparation methods on the performance of methanation catalysts. In addition, the catalytic deactivation and mechanism of methanation reaction for carbon oxides are critically analysed based on the reported work. It is pointed out that the temperature rising derived from exothermic methanation reactions in the catalyst bed and carbon deposition on the catalyst surface are the key factors for catalyst deactivation, which can be avoided considering both catalyst and process. Finally, outlook for the future development of methanation catalyst and further investigation of mechanism is provided in light of the current research status, regarding composite support with the high surface area, catalyst modified with the rare earth elements, sulfur- and heat-resistant catalysts, as well as fluidized bed reactor.

Key words: methanation, catalyst, reaction mechanisms, carbon deposition, deactivation

摘要： 概述了甲烷化反应在工业生产中的应用，重点介绍了甲烷化催化剂中活性组分、载体、助剂的种类及催化剂制备方法、条件对其催化性能的影响；分析了甲烷化催化剂失活的原因及甲烷化反应的机理，指出床层飞温和积碳是造成催化剂失活的主要因素，必须从甲烷化催化剂和工艺技术两方面予以改进；并对甲烷化催化剂研究进行了展望，提出高比表面复合载体的研制、稀土元素的添加、新型耐硫、高热稳定性甲烷化催化剂的开发及流化床甲烷化工艺技术的改进是甲烷化研究的主要方向.

关键词: 甲烷化, 催化剂, 反应机理, 积碳, 失活