Abstract: Microbially enhanced coalbed methane (MECBM) is an innovative technology for the extraction and utilisation of coalbed methane (CBM), which involves the microbial degradation and conversion of certain organic components of coal into methane gas. MECBM has great potential and environmental characteristics, and offers the prospect of establishing a new type of energy system, which will hopefully lead to the development of a sustainable energy source, and will effectively alleviate the challenges posed by energy shortages and greenhouse gas emissions. However, widespread application of MECBM technology faces the obstacles of historically low natural CBM production and sub-optimal quality. In order to understand the production potential of coal biogenic methane and the factors controlling the process, with a view to advancing the direction of its research towards continuous progress and effectively increasing coalbed methane production. This review summarises the mechanism and influencing factors of microbial CBM production, providing a theoretical basis for microbial CBM production. Firstly, the background and current research status of microbial production of CBM are reviewed. Subsequently, the basic theory and reaction process of coal biogenic methane production are summarised, showing that acidification of methoxy plays a decisive role in the process of coal biogenic methane production. Then, the environmental and biological factors affecting microbial enhancement of coalbed methane production are summarised, including the temperature of the coalbed, inoculum amount, nutrient addition, and pretreatment method. These factors have a significant impact on microbial CBM production, and optimising natural gas production conditions can not only increase CBM production but also significantly improve the methane concentration in CBM. In conclusion, microbial enhanced CBM technology has great potential and is expected to provide new solutions to the problems of energy shortage and greenhouse gas emissions by optimising production conditions and improving the viability and adaptability of microorganisms. Finally, this study outlines the current challenges and areas for further research in biogenic CBM development, providing a theoretical basis for increasing on-site production and enhancing CBM development.

Key words: coalbed methane, microbiological production increase, mechanism, factors

摘要： 微生物增产煤层气(Microbially Enhanced Coalbed Methane, MECBM)是一种具有潜力的清洁且低成本技术，在实现“碳中和”目标中发挥着重要作用。因此，MECBM的勘探开发已成为相关领域的研究热点。本工作详细阐述了MECBM的理论基础和反应过程，对影响该过程的环境因素和生物因素进行了系统分析，并且提出了各因素作用机理。研究发现，在MECBM过程中，甲氧基的酸化反应起到了决定性的作用，温度、接种量、营养元素的添加和预处理方式等都极大程度地影响微生物生长和代谢，优化以上生产条件不仅可以增加煤层气产量，还可以显著提高煤层气中甲烷的浓度。此外，本研究还提出了当前微生物增产煤层气需要进一步研究的技术领域，这些研究将为现场增产和加强煤层气开发提供理论基础。

关键词: 煤层气, 微生物增产, 机理, 因素