Abstract: Biomass waste is a plentiful and sustainable resource, and the transformation of this waste into porous carbon materials through uncomplicated and energy-efficient processes has become a significant focus of current research. Acidic carbon materials rich in sulfonic acid (-SO3H), carboxylic acid (-COOH), and hydroxyl (-OH) groups are obtained by in-situ sulfonation or post-grafting sulfonation of biomass or amorphous carbon materials. All of the functional carbon materials incorporating -SO3H groups are referred to as sulfonated carbon. The unique surface structure of sulfonated carbon makes it have great application prospects in the areas of catalysis, energy storage, and environment. This review summarizes the research on the production of raw materials, preparation processes, reaction mechanisms and physicochemical characteristics of sulfonated carbon, describes the current applications of sulfonated carbon in various fields including solid acid catalysts, energy storage materials, adsorbents, soil improvement and carbon-based fertilizers, and points out the problems and challenges facing the application of sulfonated carbon. As the preparation technology for sulfonated carbon continues to improve, further exploration of its stability, selectivity, and wide applicability is necessary. As a highly promising new type of carbon material, sulfonated carbon is expected to have a wide range of applications in various fields.

Key words: sulfonated carbon, solid acid catalyst, adsorbent, energy storage material, soil conditioner

摘要： 以生物质或无定形炭材料为原料，通过磺化剂进行原位磺化或接枝磺化处理，可制得富含磺酸基(-SO3H)、羧基(-COOH)和羟基(-OH)基团的磺化炭。凭借独特的表面结构，磺化炭在催化、储能、环境等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。本工作全面总结了磺化炭在生产原料、制备工艺、反应机理以及物理化学特征等方面的研究进展，系统阐述了现阶段磺化炭在固体酸催化剂、储能材料、吸附剂、土壤改良和炭基肥等多个领域的应用现状，并明确指出了其应用过程中面临的问题与挑战。随着磺化炭制备技术的不断改进，炭材料在稳定性、选择性和广泛适用性等方面的性能仍需进一步挖掘。作为一种极具潜力的新型碳材料，磺化炭有望在更多领域实现规模化应用。

关键词: 磺化炭, 固体酸催化, 吸附剂, 储能材料, 土壤改良剂