Abstract: The grafting particulate CMPSt/SiO2 on which chloromethylated polystyrene was grafted on the surface of silica gel was used as a starting material, and the quaterisation and quaternary phosphine reactions were carried out using triethylamine, tributylamine and triphenyl phosphine as the reagents, resulting in two kinds of composite particles, QN-PSt/SiO2 and QP-PSt/SiO2. They are water-insoluble materials with high performance. Antimicrobial property of the two composite particles was mainly studied using Escherichia coli as a disease-leading bacterium and with the method of counting live bacterium plate. The relationship between their chemical structure and antibacterial property was examined. Their antibacterial mechanism was explored by measuring extracellular DNA and RNA. The experimental results show that two composiles possess high antibacterial activity, especially QP-PSt/SiO2, its antimicrobial rate can reach 100%. The density of antibacterial groups on the surface and chemical structure of antibacterial groups are the main factors affecting on the antibacterial property of the composite particles. The composite particles with high quaternary degree have stronger antibacterial ability. The antibacterial activity of QP-PSt/SiO2 with phosphine salt-type is much stronger than QN-PSt/SiO2 with quaternary ammonium salt-type. QN-PSt/SiO2 repared with tri-n-butylamine has stronger antibacterial ability than that prepared with triethylamine. The antimicrobial mechanism of QN-PSt/SiO2 and QP-PSt/SiO2 is based on a sterilizing bacterium process.

Key words: water-insoluble polymeric antimicrobial material, chloromethylated polystyrene, chloromethylated polystyrene, grafting particles (phosphine) salt, antibacterial mechanism

摘要： 以接枝微粒氯甲基聚苯乙烯/硅胶(CMPSt/SiO2)为原料，用三乙胺(TEA)、三丁胺(TBA)及三苯基膦对其进行季铵(QN)化与季鏻(QP)化反应，制备了2种水不溶抗菌复合材料QN-PSt/SiO2与QP-PSt/SiO2；以大肠杆菌为致病菌体，采用平板活菌计数法研究了其抗菌性能及抗菌基团结构与抗菌性能的关系，采用胞外DNA和RNA测定法探索了其抗菌机理. 结果表明，2种材料具有很强的抗菌能力，QP-PSt/SiO2用量15 g/L时与浓度为109 mL-1的菌悬液接触1 min，杀菌率达100%. 影响复合微粒抗菌率的主要因素是抗菌基团的化学结构及其在材料表面的密度，接枝大分子链CMPSt的季铵(鏻)化程度即材料表面的季铵(鏻)基团密度越高，抗菌性能越强；季鏻盐型QP-PSt/SiO2的抗菌性能高于季铵盐型QN-PSt/SiO2；以三丁胺为季铵化试剂制备的QN-PSt/SiO2(TBA)的抗菌性能优于以三乙胺为季铵化试剂制备的QN-PSt/SiO2(TEA). QN-PSt/SiO2与QP-PSt/SiO2的抗菌作用实质是杀菌.

关键词: 水不溶高分子抗菌材料, 氯甲基聚苯乙烯, 接枝微粒, 季铵(鏻)盐, 抗菌机理