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    Research progress in the preparation of porous biomass carbon materials and their applications in supercapacitors
    Xuemin ZHANG Guanyu HE Shaoqi YIN Tingting HUANG Jinping LI Jian ZHENG
    The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering    2024, 24 (2): 127-138.   DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.223036
    Abstract （504）   HTML （42）    PDF （1013KB）（404）       Save
    The biomass carbon material is a kind of green and renewable energy material. Its efficient utilization is of great significance for the sustainable development of the energy environment and the green and low-carbon transition of energy. Biomass carbon materials are widely used in energy storage and conversion, catalysis, adsorption, and many other fields due to their porous nature, abundant functional groups, large specific surface area, excellent electrochemical performance, low cost, and renewable. However, the properties of biomass carbon materials are not only closely related to the microstructure, but also the heteroatom doping has an important impact on the structure and electrochemical properties of biomass carbon materials. The accurate structure regulation of biomass carbon materials is an effective way to improve their electrochemical performance. In this work, the preparation methods of biomass carbon materials and their applications in supercapacitors are comprehensively reviewed, and the relationship between the structure and properties of porous carbon materials is discussed. On this basis, the influence mechanism and rules of different conditions, and different preparation processes (such as material selection, material treatment, and activation mode) on the structure characteristics of biomass carbon materials are analyzed. In this review, the mechanism and rules of the influence of the structure characteristics on the electrochemical properties of porous biomass carbon materials are described in detail, and the preparation process and performance regulation of porous biomass carbon materials need to be perfected and improved. Finally, the main development directions of preparation technology and electrochemical properties of porous biomass carbon materials in the future are pointed out.
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    Research progress of thermal management technology for lithium-ion batteries
    Jiaxin LI Pengzhao LI Miao WANG Chun CHEN Liangyu YAN Yue GAO Shengchen YANG Manman CHEN Cai ZHAO Jing MAO
    The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering    2023, 23 (8): 1102-1117.   DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.223094
    Abstract （1017）   HTML （44）    PDF （13593KB）（428）       Save
    Efficient battery thermal management technology is critical to the safe operation, long cycle life, and overall cost reduction of lithium-ion batteries and is important in promoting the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries. In this review, several mainstream battery thermal management technologies are discussed in detail, including air cooling, liquid cooling, new phase change material cooling, and thermoelectric cooling technology. The battery heat generation model is briefly described. Finally, the development direction of battery cooling technology is prospected. Air cooling technology is simple in structure, but it is difficult to ensure temperature uniformity of the cells within the battery pack and is not suitable for cooling large lithium-ion battery packs, but is more suitable for small flying electric devices and low-end electric vehicles. Cooling plate liquid cooling technology is more effective, but there is a risk of coolant leakage and the temperature uniformity needs to be further improved. Immersion liquid cooling technology offers significant cooling and temperature uniformity but is expensive and is likely to be used more often in the future in energy storage plants with high cooling requirements, while for most lithium-ion electric vehicles the lower-cost cooling plate liquid cooling technology is more suitable. Phase change material cooling and thermoelectric cooling technologies without moving parts have achieved initial commercial application in electronic equipment and small power plants, but the cooling efficiency is low and needs further refinement. It is worth noting that it is critical to choose the right cooling technology for the user's needs. While there is no perfect cooling solution, a combination of cooling technologies can be used to meet the thermal management needs of a wider range of application scenarios.
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    Exploitation and utilization of fluorite and its strategic significance
    Danxian ZHANG Jianhua KANG Hongjun HUANG Wenxia ZHU Ruolin WANG
    The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering    2023, 23 (1): 1-14.   DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.221373
    Abstract （445）   HTML （6）    PDF （1444KB）（238）       Save
    Fluorite, as an important non-renewable non-metallic strategic mineral resource, has been valued by many countries. With the rapid development of science and technology and the national economy, its economic value and strategic position are increasingly prominent. In recent years, the fluorine chemical industry chain has been deepening, and the demand for fluorite resources has increased sharply. Due to the limited reserves of fluorite resources, uneven distribution of resources, trade protectionism, and anti-globalization forces, the global fluorine chemical industry is highly concentrated and highly monopolized. And there are great differences in the economic development, clean and efficient utilization of fluorite resources, and intensive processing technology in different countries and regions, which have a serious impact on the supply and demand of fluorite products and consumption patterns, and intensify the contradiction between fluorite resource reserves and the development of fluorite industry. In this review, the resource reserve, main industrial structure, the consumption structure of supply and demand, and clean utilization technology aspects in detail elaborated on the economic status and the strategic significance of fluorite resources. It is proposed to ensure the global strategic layout of fluorite resources by strengthening the reorganization of fluorite resources, clean and efficient utilization, deep processing technology and equipment research and development, high-end product manufacturing, etc. To further promote the development of the fluorite industry towards the direction of fine, complex, lightweight, environmental protection and energy-saving, recycling economy fluorite chemical products application field and high-tech industry application research and development, ensure the reserve and supply of fluorite resources, achieve the optimal allocation of global fluorite resources and the healthy and sustainable development of fluorite industry.
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    Prospect on high ratio pellet utilized in blast furnace under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality
    Xindong WANG Yonglong JIN
    The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering    2022, 22 (10): 1379-1389.   DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.222239
    Abstract （421）   HTML （21）    PDF （935KB）（85）       Save
    Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality are important measures taken by China to shoulder its responsibility as a major country in addressing climate issues and promote ecological progress and high-quality development. High carbon emissions are a key factor limiting the steel industry's ability to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. In order to achieve the goal of low-carbon development, on the one hand, breakthrough low-carbon metallurgical processes should be developed and applied, or enough high-quality scrap resources be supplied. On the other hand, the merits of existing blast furnace process, i.e., mature, high efficiency, high quality and low cost, etc., will be brought to full play to. And combining with the condition of iron ore resources, making full use of pellets' excellent metallurgical performance, low energy consumption and low emissions advantages of the production, developing blast furnace optimized burden structure and the related operation system by using high percentage of pellets, the best energy consumption and carbon emissions in the system level will be achieved. The overall competitiveness of existing processes will be improved. Significant progresses have been made in the research, development and application of technologies related to the use of high proportion of pellets in blast furnace at home and abroad. In China, some enterprises have certain resource advantages, and a large number of preliminary studies have been carried out. The future development will have a positive effect on China's steel industry to achieve the goal of low carbon emission.
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