Table of Content

20 June 2001, Volume 1 Issue 3

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3

Modeling of the Gas–Solid Turbulent Flow in a Riser Reactor

ZHENG Yu; WAN Xiao-tao; WEI Fei; JIN Yong

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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An advanced hydrodynamic model, k–e–kp–ep–Q two-fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow, is established to simulate the gas–solid turbulent flow in a riser reactor. For both gas and solid phases, the turbulence is simulated by the k–e model of low Reynolds number, and the kinetic theory of granular flow is adopted to model the collision of particles. This model is coded and solved by CFX software, a widely applied CFD tool, to simulate the cold gas–solid flow in a riser with 0.418 m ID and 18 m height. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental data, which indicates that the consideration of the turbulent motion and interaction between gas and solid is reasonable and bears significance in analyzing the turbulent gas–solid flow.

Direct Synthesis of SbOCl Flame Retardant from Industrial Sb4O5Cl2

YANG Wei-jun; JIN Sheng-ming; TANG Mo-tang

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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SbOCl was synthesized from industrial product Sb4O5Cl2 and concentrated hydrochloric acid solution with low [H+] (<3.1 mol/L) at room temperature (about 25oC). SbOCl with high purity and whiteness can be obtained from the reacting solution when the reaction time was greater than 16 h, agitation speed greater than 40 s-1, CSb---3+3 290 g/L and [H+]<3.1 mol/L. The conversion of the solid Sb4O5Cl2 is 100%. The mean particle size is 5.90 mm with cubic-shape.

Experiments to Reduce Sintering Temperature of WC-Co Cemented Carbide

FANG Qin-fang; ZHOU Hui-feng; LI Xun

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Using orthogonal experimental design and SEM analysis, the effects of reaction temperature, Ca(OH)2 concentration, the additive species and the mass ratio of additive to CaO on the nanometer CaCO3 particle size and morphology were investigated. The result showed that the optimum processing conditions for synthesizing cubic nanometer CaCO3 were: reaction temperature 10oC，[Ca(OH)2] = 0.25 mol/L , adding EDTA-2Na:CaO =3 :1000 as additive. It was also observed that when the additive was insufficient, the CaCO3 crytstal growth can not be inhibited. On the contrary, the CaCO3 particles would be aggregated if excessive additive was added. With the increase of temperature, the CaCO3 crystal would exhibit a morphology with a higher lattice network density.

Synergistic Extraction of Lanthanide Ions with 1,4–Bis (1￠–Phenyl–3￠–Methyl– 5￠–Pyrazolone–4￠–yl)–Butanedione–[1,4] and Diantipyryl Methane

ZHANG An-yun; YANG Zi-chao

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The synergistic extraction of lanthanide ions Ln3+ (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Y and Dy) in nitric acid solution at (30±1)°C with 1,4–bis(1￠–phenyl–3￠–methyl–5￠–pyrazolone–4￠–yl)–butanedione–[1,4](H2A) and dian- tipyryl methane(DAM) has been studied. The results show that there is a notable synergistic effect on La3+ for the H2A+DAM system, and the synergistic extraction coefficient of La3+ is calculated to be 6.1. By investigating the influence of concentrations of H2A and DAM on the extraction of La3+, the composition of extracted compound is determined as LaA.HA.DAM. The pH1/2 values of La3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+ and Dy3+ are 4.15, 3.64, 3.53, 3.37, 3.23 and 3.14, respectively. Meanwhile, the extraction equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters are also calculated.

Phase Equilibrium of the Quaternary K2SO4–(NH4)2SO4–CO(NH2)2–H2O System at 25oC

ZHANG Yong-jie; CAO Ji-lin; LI Lin; REN Bao-shan

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Foaming Behavior in Molten Slag Caused by Decomposition of Carbonate Minerals

NIU Qiang;CHU Shao-jun;WU Keng;WANG Ying

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The average foam life is proposed as an index to the foaming behavior in molten slag. The molten slag system of Na2B4O7-CaO-MgO is foamed by the gas from the thermal decomposition of carbonate minerals as the foamer. The experimental results show that foamer type and particle size have influence upon the average foam life of slag. The concentration of CaO and MgO in molten slag not only varies the physical properties of melt but also influences directly the decomposition rate of carbonate and the bubble size of gas, thus playing an important role in foaming and to foam stability of slag.

Light Transfer and Its Effect on Cell Growth in the Culture of Transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC7942

ZHU Du; LI Yuan-guang; YE Qin; WEI Xiao-dong; ZHANG Jun

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The relationship between foam height and time has been investigated for the foaming process caused by reduction of blast furnace dust and sludge in synthetic slag. The foam behavior parameters under different conditions were determined from experimental results and with foam behavior equations. In this way, the foaming process caused by reduction can be described quantitatively.

Preparation and Properties of Al2O3-TiC Composites

DONG Qian;; TANG Qing; LI Wen-chao

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Al2O3-TiC composites are used in manufacturing cutting tools and magnetic tape heads in the electronic industry etc. because of their good strength, high hardness, high-temperature stability and excellent wear resistance. Preparation methods, properties, effects of additives, application of Al2O3-TiC are reviewed. Various toughening processes and mechanisms for Al2O3-TiC composite ceramics are summerized. The development trends in this area are prospected.

Preliminary Study on the Reaction of Bentonite and Alkalis

CAO Ji-lin; ZHANG Yong-jie; LI Lin; DI Li-hui; ZHANG Li-jing; SONG Bao-jun

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Extensive experimental work on hysteresis in a cocurrent gas–liquid upflow packed bed was carried out with three kinds of packings and the air–water system. However, only when packed with small glass beads (f1.4 mm) was the bed pressure drop hysteresis observed. Two more liquids with different liquid properties were employed to further examine the influence of parameters on pressure drop hysteresis. The similarity of pressure drop hysteresis in packed beds was concluded in combination of experimental evidence reported in literature.

Experiment of Optimizing Gas–Particle Flow Regime in the Square-section Circulating Suspension Bed

WANG Cui-ping; YANG Ye; LI Ding-kai; LU Zi-an

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Both biotechnology industry and medicine industry are process industries. The research of their engineering and techniques belongs to the category of process engineering. This article discusses some characteristics and forward research topics of biochemiscal engineering process, taking biomedicine, especially medicine of gene engineering, as examples. New medicine developing process of gene engineering was thoroughly analyzed, and also the producing process of medicine. The key and forward problems in the research of the process were put forward for reference.

Kinetics on Chlorinating Rare Earth of Weishan Mid-grade Bastnasite in Shandong after Fixed Fluorine Treatment

SHI Wen-zhong; ZHU Guo-cai

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The solubility of a chelating agent, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NaDDC.3H2O)，in supercritical carbon dioxide is determined by a dynamic method in the pressure range of 10~30 MPa at 308.15~328.15 K. It is found that the solubility increases with pressure and temperature. The experimental results are correlated by the Chrastil association model and good agreement is observed.

Preparation of AgBr Nanoparticles and Nanowires in Microemulsions

ZHOU Hai-cheng; XU Sheng; LI Ya-dong

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Anodization of aluminum was carried out to grow porous films using direct and alternating currents in the baths of phosphoric and oxalic acids. Ni, Co and Co-P were electrodeposited in the pores of the porous anodic films, forming ultrafine rod-shaped particles and wires. The particles and wires as well as the anodic films were examined using TEM assisted with SAD and EDAX. The nickel particles and wires consisted of micro-grains, while cobalt deposited in the pores appeared to be single crystals. Phosphorus can be incorporated in the metal deposits using AC electrodeposition, but the growth rate of the particles and wires containing phosphorus became slower compared with that of pure metals.

Preliminary Results on PHB Production by Recombinant Cyanobacterium in Line with Green Chemical Industry

WU Gui-fang; SHEN Zhong-yao

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The pressure-composition-temperature isotherms desorbtion were studied for Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni,Co,Mn,V)2+a treated by casting, melt-spinning and annealing at different temperatures respectively. The enthalpies and discharge capacities of the alloys were tested. The results indicated that the absolute value of enthalpy and capacity were increased with annealing temperatures. The alloy annealed at 1173 K had a higher capacity (379 mA×h/g) than that of cast alloy, but its activation was worse than that of cast alloy.

Enhancement of Biooxidative Leaching Copper Sulfide with Ultrasonic Wave Treatment

ZHANG Tong; ZHANG Zhi-quan; ZHANG Dong-yan; ZHANG Chen-ding

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The effect of ultrasonic wave on biooxidative leaching of copper sulfide mineral from Bainaimiao, Inner Mongolia is investigated. Thiobacillus ferooxidants (C–1 strain) is used and the shaking-bottle test is performed. The experimental results show that ultrasonic wave has the effect of promoting lixiviation rate. Increasing the time of ultrasonic wave action has more effect on larger mineral particles.

Separation of Ethanol–Acetone–Butanol–Water System Using Potassium Carbonate

XU Wen-you

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The liquid–liquid equilibrium of ethanol–acetone–butanol–water–K2CO3 system is determined at 25oC. The correlation of the liquid–liquid equilibrium data are carried out using Pitzer theory and Wilson equation. The correlated results fit the experimental data well. The dewatering efficiency of K2CO3 is up to 95.6% in the separation of ethanol–acetone–butanol–water system.

Salidroside Extraction from Rhodiola Sachalinensis Callus after Microwave Cell Disruption

LIU Chuan-bin; WANG Wei; BAI Feng-wu; FENG Pu-sun; SU Zhi-guo

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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After 1 min of microwave treatment for cell disruption, salidroside can be extracted from Rhodiola sachalinensis fresh callus by water at room temperature within 10 min. Compared with traditional operations, the extraction time was shortened, long time heating was avoided, and less impurity was extracted into the extractant.

Enzymatic Kinetics of Immobilized L-aminoacylase and Its Continuous Resolution of DL-methionine

WANG Shu-hao; LI Xiao-feng; WU Yan-ling; SONG Zheng-xiao; MA Zhong-hai; YUAN Ying-jin

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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L-aminoacylase of Aspergillus oryzae pellets was immobilized by gelatin and glutaraldhyde. Kinetic constants of L-aminoacylase in immobilized pellets were determined and the optical resolution of DL-methionine by using immobilized Aspergillus oryzae pellets was investigated. When substrate concentration was less than 200 mmol/L, there was no substrate inhibition, and the reaction adhered to Michaelis-Menten equation. At 37°C, kinetic constants Km and Vm were 11.9 and 1.3 mmol/L respectively. L-methionine conversion at volumetric flow rate of 7.5 ml/h with substrate concentration of 200 and 400 mmmol/L was 93% and 78% respectively. L-methionine conversion decreased with increasing volumetric flow rate. Half-life of operation of immobilized L-aminoacylase was 82 d.

Process Engineering and Ecological Industry

JIN Yong; LIU Zheng; LI You-run

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Great contribution to the human society was made by the process industry in the past century, which, however, also resulted in serious environmental problems, hindering the sustainable development of human society. The future development of process industry should be based on a renewed infrastructure, i.e., eco-industry, in which a product-chain or product-network will be developed by incorporation of resource utilization, energy consumption and pollution control, as can be found in native ecology. Multidisciplinary research will be an essential and effective way to the development of process engineering and industry.

Preliminary Exploration of Degradable Crude Cellulose Resin

WEN Zhang-jun; QIAN Sheng-qiu

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Crude cellulose composite was prepared by adding commonly-used inorganic salts in crude cellulose and processed into cellulose-based degradable plastics at the conditions of high temperature and high pressure. Rising height and tensile strength of the plastics were determined in a mould. The experiments proved that ammonium salts of weak acids that can be decomposed into ammonia had a strong ability to break up well-ordered structure of cellulose in the course of processing and enhance its plasticity. The tensile strength of products sample was equal to or superior to those of two often-used resins.

Preparation of Zeolite NaA Membrane on Rough Porous a-Al2O3 Tube

LIANG Yu-xiu; LU Jin-ming; LI Bang-min; WANG Jin-qu; YIN De-hong

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Thiobacillus ferrooxidans are used to leach Ni from nicopyrite.It is found that better leaching is resulted when adapted bacteria are used in contrast to unadapted bacteria. Three factors inhibit adapted and unadapted bacteria in slurry: the concentration of Ni2+ and Cu2+, the presence of sulfide, and the shearing stress. The shearing stress seems to be the most important.

Growth and Specific Desulfurization of a Newly Isolated Strain of Rhodococcus erythropolis

LI Shan; XING Jian-min; GOU Zhong-xuan; LUO Ming-fang; LIU Hui-zhou; CHEN Jia-yong

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Foam separation of ginsenosides in panax ginseng was studied for recovery of ginsenosides. By determining the enrichment factor and total yield of ginsenosides, the effects of different operational conditions such as gas flow rate, pH, feed concentration and volume, gas type, and operation mode were investigated. The experimental results show that foam separation is a simple and effective method for concentrating the ginsenosides.

Kinetic Analysis of Batch Fermentation of Streptomyces coelicolor

ZHANG He-chun; FAN Wei-min; ZHANG Yuan-xing

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The effect of inorganic salt added into aqueous fucoidan solution on fucoidan extraction was investigated. It is found that extraction of fucoidan decreases rapidly with the increase of inorganic salt concentration in the aqueous solution. Based on this phenomenon, the stripping of fucoidan was carried out with aqueous salt solution. The experimental results show that the stripping of fucoidan increases with the concentration of inorganic salt in the aqueous solution and decreases with the increase of fucoidan concentration in the organic phase. In addition, the stripping efficiency of NaCl solution is higher than that of CaCl2 solution at the same chloride ion concentration. The effect of organic solvent as diluent on the stripping of fucoidan was also studied. It is shown that the stripping of fucoidan with carbon tetrachloride as diluent is more difficult than that with the other organic solvents.

Separation of Isoquinoline and Its Homologue

ZHOU Xia-ping; WANG De-long; HE Yan-qing; WANG Da-fang; WANG Wei-guo; LU Miao; ZHANG Hai-ping; ZHOU Jie; LI Nai-min

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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Investigation of Leaching Arsenic-bearing Sulfide Copper Concentrate by Ferric Bacterium Solution

ZHOU E; LIU Zhong-hua; CHEN Wen; XIE Hai-yun; YUAN Zhang-fu;

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The fluctuation of particle impact pressure and the stochastic characteristic of time series signal are investigated. Analysis shows that the fluctuation of the particle impact pressure has close relationship with the motion of bubbles. The particle pressure measured in experiments is the result of the momentum transfer of a body of solids in the wake of a bubble striking an object. Stochastic signals are also simulated using auto regression [AR(p)] model and the results are very similar to the real signals.

Culture of Cells from Caudal Fin of Goldfish and the Effect of Serum on Cell Growth

HE Li-jun; QI Yi-hua; NIE Feng-guang

. 2001, 1(3):  0-0. 

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The present study was for providing experimental materials for virology, molecular biology and cell biology. Culture of cells from different tissues and the growth of cells in medium with different serum concentration were investigated. A cell line derived from caudal fin of goldfish, Carassius auratus, was developed successfully using explant techniques. The cell line grew well in Medium 199 supplied with 15% FBS at 26oC. The duplication time of the cell line was 3.3 d at a plating density of 2.0′105 cells/ml. It is proved that the cultures in Medium 199 supplied with 15% FBS showed the best result.