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    2006年 第6卷 第2期    刊出日期:2006-04-20
    流动与传递
    液相介质对水平气液间歇流动的压降影响
    许晶禹;吴应湘;李东晖
    . 2006, 6(2):  161-166. 
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    研究了水平管内不同液相介质(水、油和不同浓度的CMC溶液)对气液两相间歇流动压降的影响. 实验管道为内径50 mm的透明有机玻璃管,从入口到分离器长约30 m,实验段由2个长3 m的水平管组成. 共记录了320组不同表观流速下的压降信号:油相0.17~1.85 m/s,水相0.17~2.48 m/s,CMC溶液0.17~1.42 m/s,气相0.06~3.40 m/s. 结果表明,液相为牛顿流体(油或水)的气液流动,随着表观气相流速的增大,压降呈增加趋势;非牛顿幂率流体(不同浓度的CMC溶液)的管道流动,当流动指数低于一定值时,压降随气相流量的增加呈降低趋势,并且低于单液相流动的压降. Lockhart-Martinelli模型过高地预测了气-非牛顿幂率流体两相的压降.
    固定床内石灰石煅烧与传递过程的数值模拟
    李明春;田彦文;翟玉春
    . 2006, 6(2):  167-172. 
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    将固态颗粒填料床视为由规则颗粒堆积而成的松散多孔介质,在推导出传热控制机制下微元体综合速率的基础上,采用局部热不平衡假设建立了一维固定床中石灰石热分解反应与传热、传质耦合的数学模型,运用有效容积法对其离散求解,并采用文献中实验数据对模型进行验证. 计算了不同条件下颗粒物料层内气体和固体骨架的温度场、产物气体浓度场以及固体转化率分布,以得到多孔介质体系内固有化学反应时的传热传质规律. 研究结果对具有强吸热反应的固定床反应器的设计和运行具有一定的参考作用.
    一种新型入口结构的下行管的流体力学性能
    朱丙田;侯栓弟;许克家;张占柱;汪燮卿
    . 2006, 6(2):  173-177. 
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    提出了一种新型下行管入口结构. 这种结构设有雾化空间,能够提供适宜的床层密度,剂油初始接触采用逆流、错流方式. 在下行管入口处,颗粒浓度呈管中心高、边壁低的分布;随着颗粒向下运动,中心区颗粒浓度逐渐降低,边壁区颗粒浓度升高. 在下行管完全发展段,颗粒浓度径向分布形式不再随轴向位置发生变化.
    Effects of Flow Parameters and Inlet Geometry on Cyclone Efficiency
    赵兵涛
    . 2006, 6(2):  178-180. 
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    A novel cyclone design, named converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI) cyclone, is developed by improving the inlet geometry of conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI) cyclone for enhancing the physical performance of the cyclone. The collection efficiency of the CSSI cyclone is experimentally compared with the widely used CTSI cyclone. The results indicate that the CSSI cyclone provides higher collection efficiency by 5%~20% than that of the CTSI cyclone for a tested inlet velocity range of 11.99~23.85 m/s. In addition, the results of collection efficiency comparison between experimental data and theoretical model are also discussed.
    反应与分离
    AlCl3-磺酸树脂催化噻吩类硫化物与异丁烯烷基化硫转移反应
    徐新;罗国华;靳海波;佟泽民
    . 2006, 6(2):  181-185. 
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    选择以噻吩的甲基取代衍生物(包括2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩及2,5-二甲基噻吩)与异丁烯的烷基化反应为模型反应,考察了经三氯化铝气相固载法改性的CT175树脂催化剂催化噻吩的甲基取代衍生物与烯烃的烷基化反应性能. 研究结果表明,负载AlCl3的CT175树脂催化剂对催化2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩及2,5-二甲基噻吩与异丁烯的烷基化硫转移反应均具有很高的活性,在80℃、常压、异丁烯(与氮气按摩尔比1:1配制的混合气)流量5.0 mL/min、液体(含模型硫化物2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩及2,5-二甲基噻吩的浓度分别为2033, 2045, 1543 mg/g的苯溶液)质量空速为2.5 h-1的条件下,上述5种模型硫化物均接近于完全转化. 对催化剂的活性稳定性进行了为期30 d的连续考察,结果表明,3种模型硫化物的烷基化转化率均高于99%,且催化剂活性未见下降趋势.
    Sorting Techniques for Plastics Recycling
    Gjergj Dodbiba;Jun Sadaki;Atsushi Shibayama;Toyohisa Fujita
    . 2006, 6(2):  186-191. 
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    This paper presents the basic principles of three different types of separating methods and a general guideline for choosing the most effective method for sorting plastic mixtures. It also presents the results of the tests carried out for separation of PVC, ABS and PET from different kinds of plastic mixtures in order to improve the grade of the raw input used in mechanical or feedstock recycling.
    Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Spout-fluidized Bed Reactor Analysis of Composition and Combustion Characteristics of Liquid Product from Biomass
    陈明强;王君;王新运;张学才;张素平;任铮伟;颜涌捷
    . 2006, 6(2):  192-196. 
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    In order to gain insight into the fast pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and the relationship between bio-oil composition and pyrolysis reaction conditions, to assess the possibility for the raw bio-oil to be used as fuel, and to evaluate the concept of spout-fluidized bed reactor as the reactor for fast pyrolysis of biomass to prepare fuel oil, the composition and combustion characteristics of bio-oil prepared in a spout-fluidized bed reactor with a designed maximum capacity 5 kg/h of sawdust as feeding material, were investigated by GC-MS and thermogravimetry. 14 aromatic series chemicals were identified. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the bio-oil was liable to combustion, the combustion temperature increased with the heating rate, and only minute ash was generated when it burned. The kinetics of the combustion reaction was studied and the kinetic parameters were calculated by both Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Popsecu methods. The results agree well with each other. The most probable combustion mechanism functions determined by Popescu method are f(a)=k(1-a)2 (400~406℃), f(a)=1/2k(1-a)3 (406~416℃) and f(a)=2k(1-a)3/2 (416~430℃) respectively.
    Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution with Modified Bentonite
    唐艳葵;童张法;魏光涛;李仲民;梁达文
    . 2006, 6(2):  197-200. 
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    Bentonite combined with sawdust and other metallic compounds was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions in this study. The adsorption characteristics of phosphate on the modified bentonite were investigated, including the effects of temperature, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of phosphate and pH on removal of phosphate by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that 98% removal rate of phosphate was obtained since sawdust and bentonite used in this investigation were abundantly and locally available. It is concluded that modified bentonite is a relatively efficient, low cost and easily available adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions.
    Study on Metals Recovery from –0.074 mm Printed Circuit Boards by Enhanced Gravity Separation
    赵跃民;温雪峰;施红霞;焦红光;陶有俊
    . 2006, 6(2):  201-204. 
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    Nowadays study on discarded printed circuit boards (PCBs) reutilization has great significance for achieving secondary resources recycling and preventing environmental pollution. Physical methods show great potential and advantages on discarded PCBs reutilization, comparing with chemical and biological methods. However for the particles of -0.074 mm PCBs, little work has been done in the past because of lower separation efficiency and recovery. In this paper, the conundrum of -0.074 mm PCBs reutilization was resolved successfully with the help of Falcon concentrator. Separation mechanism for fine particles with different mass densities in a Falcon centrifugal concentrator was analyzed. The main factors such as magnitude of rotation frequency (centrifugal acceleration), anti-charge water pressure and feeding concentration were studied, and interaction of different factors was analyzed using Design-Expert software. The experimental results show that metals grade of -0.074 mm PCBs and integration efficiency were obtained as 76.89% and 80.77% respectively when feeding concentration was 40 g/L with water pressure of 0.01 MPa and rotation frequency of 50 Hz.
    过程与工艺
    高膨胀率高质量蛭石粉体研制 -I. 热膨胀机理初探
    胡光锁;朱永平;李政一;张伟刚
    . 2006, 6(2):  205-209. 
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    利用高温X射线衍射和热重-差热分析技术对蛭石在加热过程中膨胀及相应的结构变化进行了研究. 与XRD谱图相联系,结合蛭石的颜色与膨胀率进行统计分析,将蛭石矿物分为黄色蛭石、深黄色蛭石和深绿色蛭石,发现在相同加热条件下其水化程度和膨胀率之间存在确定的关系,同时又表现出不同的微观结构特征. 在膨胀机理研究的基础上,进一步分析了不同蛭石在不同温度下的膨胀率与结构变化的规律,得出了层间水是影响蛭石体积膨胀率的主要因素,结构水的脱出则主要引起层间距离的变化,这为加工生产高膨胀率、高质量的蛭石提供了重要的依据.
    超声波强化HCl-NaCl浸出高铅锑吹渣
    唐淑贞;张荣良;丘克强
    . 2006, 6(2):  210-214. 
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    对高铅锑吹渣进行HCl-NaCl常规浸出,并在其最佳工艺条件下引入超声波强化浸出. 实验表明,超声波强化浸出15 min,Sb的浸出率可达到常规浸出45 min的值. 超声波强化浸出高铅锑吹渣可大大提高Sb, Pb的浸出速率,缩短浸出时间. 超声波功率增大,浸出率提高. 在浸出率相同时,高功率比低功率的超声波强化浸出所需的时间少. 但由于Sb, Pb的最大浸出率是由其物相组成决定的,超声的能量并没有为常规下不能发生的反应开辟新的化学反应通道,因而Sb, Pb的最大浸出率与超声场的引入几乎无关.
    花状氧化锌的制备与控制生长
    张艳辉;田彦文;邵忠财;李慧莉
    . 2006, 6(2):  215-218. 
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    用聚乙二醇-20000(PEG-20000),聚乙二醇-20000/环己烷为添加剂,以不同碱度的Zn(OH)42-和Zn(NH3)42+为前驱体,在200℃的水热条件下反应4 h,经洗涤、干燥处理后,得到ZnO微晶粉体. 产物用全自动X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行物相分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测ZnO形貌和大小. 结果表明,生成的产物属于六方晶相,是由纳米棒状单晶组成的ZnO花状集合体,组成集合体的单晶在不同反应环境中成长为粗壮、尖细、成簇等不同形貌. 0.5~4.0 mm的集合体可控制制备. ZnO集合体不是个体的简单聚集,而是由单晶分枝组成,单晶生长取向为c轴正向,各单晶以一柱状单晶中部为基准类同心生长. 研究结果对制备形貌可控的金属氧化物具有一定的参考价值.
    利用腐植酸调控碳酸钙微晶形貌及比表面积
    刘海弟;赵蓉芳;陈运法
    . 2006, 6(2):  219-222. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF (437KB) ( )  
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    将腐植酸添加到氢氧化钙碳化制备碳酸钙的体系中,成功合成了比表面积大于50 m2/g的碳酸钙. 采用BET方法测定了样品的比表面积和孔分布情况,利用XRD和SEM方法原位检测了反应过程中粒子形貌及其成分的变化过程,发现腐植酸在改变碳酸钙产品比表面积的同时还能改变其微晶形貌,随着腐植酸用量加大,碳酸钙粒子形貌由类球状变为棒状,而后变为立方形. 根据SEM和XRD测试结果分析了该实验现象的机理.
    常压干燥制备微米级厚度RF气凝胶薄膜
    刘伟民;王朝阳;王红艳;唐永建
    . 2006, 6(2):  223-226. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF (422KB) ( )  
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    以间苯二酚(Resorcinol)和甲醛(Formaldehyde)为前驱体,溶胶-凝胶法为主要方法,采用旋转涂膜,通过控制溶液配比及环境条件,用常压干燥方式取代通常的超临界干燥,成功制备出厚度在微米级的有机气凝胶薄膜. SEM照片显示,该薄膜具有与块体气凝胶相似的网络结构. 分析了旋转涂膜和常温干燥过程对最终成膜的影响. 结果发现,增大凝胶孔隙结构和优化凝胶老化方式是实现常压干燥的关键因素.
    改质剂对LATS精炼钢包渣粘度的影响
    王宏明;李桂荣;徐明喜;李波;张学军;史国敏
    . 2006, 6(2):  227-230. 
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    为减少LATS合金化精炼钢包浸渍罩粘渣,研究了LATS精炼前后钢包渣粘度的变化,并分别用CaO+CaF2, CaO+B2O3及Li2O作为钢包渣的改质剂来降低渣粘度. 采用旋转柱体法的粘度测试结果表明,LATS合金化精炼钢包渣的粘度高及LATS处理后渣的粘度进一步升高是造成浸渍罩粘渣的主要原因之一. 实验所用3种改质剂均能有效降低钢包渣的粘度. 在1500℃无改质剂时LATS处理后钢包渣粘度为6 Pa×s,当加入10% CaO+CaF2后渣粘度低于3 Pa×s,而加入10% CaO+B2O3或加入4% Li2O都可使渣粘度低于2 Pa×s.
    Thermochemical Treatment-Technologies for Recovery and Utilisation of Materials
    Gerd Kley;Rudolf Brenneis;Burkart Adamczyk;Franz-Georg Simon
    . 2006, 6(2):  231-236. 
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    The arc furnace technology is an ideally suited process for the treatment of hazardous and problematic waste. The operation conditions of the arc furnace can be adapted for optimal transformation of the waste material input into raw materials and usable products. The process can significantly reduce the impact of contaminated wastes and industrial residues, and enable material conversion and separation. Thus, the products of the process have various applications. The capability of the process is illustrated with three examples, the treatment of bottom ash and filter ash from waste incineration plants, of stainless steel slags and of chromium containing residues from the refractory industry.
    A Novel Routine for Manufacture of Environmentally Friendly Ethanol Fuel via Reactive Distillation
    吴江;杨伯伦;王华军;路士庆
    . 2006, 6(2):  237-241. 
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    A novel routine for removing water from ethanol by the hydration using C4 olefin cut catalyzed with the ion exchange resin was proposed. Reactive distillation experiments were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this routine. The sensitivity analysis was performed by using the software of ASPEN PLUS 10.2. The optimized operating conditions were obtained considering three objective functions which were the water content of the bottom product, water conversion rate and hydration selectivity. Under the optimized operation conditions, the final product was consisted of 45.0% of ethanol, 19.4% of ethyl tert-butyl ether, 35.1% of tert-butyl alcohol and 0.6% of water in volumetric percentage.
    Studies on Thermal Degradation of Cellulosic Fibers Treated with Flame Retardants
    高明;戴秋菊
    . 2006, 6(2):  242-246. 
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    Hemp fabric, one of the most flammable materials, was treated with compounds containing different kinds of elements that contribute to flame retardation. For a study of flame retardation from the standpoint of thermal degradation, the samples were subjected to thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in air from ambient temperature to 600℃. The apparent activation energy (Ea) is evaluated by Broido's method at different stages of thermal degradation to observe the variation of Ea in the process of thermal degradation. Flame retardation of samples was determined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) to find the effects of the different compounds on flammability and the thermal degradation of the hemp fabric. The composition of the chars was studied by the IR spectra to obtain information concerning the thermal degradation mechanism. Compared with flammable hemp, the hemp fabric treated with flame retardants showed a higher LOI but lower Ea and decomposition temperatures, which indicated that some compounds make the hemp fabric decompose at lower temperatures, resulting in less flammable products.
    系统与集成
    Simulation of multi-component multi-stage separation process -An improved algorithm and application
    李春山;张香平;张锁江;谭心舜;项曙光
    . 2006, 6(2):  247-254. 
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    This paper presents a flexible model and a robust algorithm for simulation of multi-stage multi-component separation processes in which multiple feeds, side streams, strippers and/or side heat exchangers are involved. The improved algorithm effectively accelerates the speed of convergence and offers better stability by introducing a damping factor for updating the stripping factor, and also reduces the requirement on the initial estimates by updating the Joacobian matrix directly with the stripping factor and enthalpy. On the other hand, an efficient algorithm was proposed to solve the approximate tri-diagonal matrix (containing the off-band elements) derived from the material balance equations (M equations) and phase equilibrium equations (E equations), the advantages and simplicity of the "inside-out" technique of the Russell are retained. The present algorithm was demonstrated to be effective in simulating complex separation columns with typical case studies.
    Bioorganic Municipal Waste Management to Deploy a Sustainable Solid Waste Disposal Practice in China
    Bernhard Raninger;Werner Bidlingmaier;李润东;冯磊
    . 2006, 6(2):  255-260. 
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    The utilization of bioorganic municipal waste (BMW) is considered essentially for the further development of integrated waste management practice in China. Awareness and knowledge about the importance of BMW management and source separation of waste on household level, as a precondition for the implementation of an economically feasible integrated waste management infrastructure, were developed in Europe during the last decade. The Sino-German RRU-BMW Project is facilitating applied research investigations in 4 pilot areas in Shenyang to assess the population's behavior to develop the design criteria for appropriate process technologies and to provide the basis to adopt BMW management policy in China.
    Options for Healthcare Waste Management and Treatment in China
    李润东;聂永丰;Bernhard Raninger;王雷
    . 2006, 6(2):  261-266. 
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    Healthcare waste management and treatment is one of the national priority tasks of China's Tenth Five-Year Plan. Numerous installations disposing medical waste have already operated the project or under construction to the operation in 2006. This paper focuses on the assessment of existing and future options to handle medical waste (MW). Internationally available and so far in China applied technologies and management practice are analysed, including the problems how to segregate medical waste streams at the source and to reduce the 'critical waste' to mainly infectious and aesthetically sensible materials. Non-hazardous MW can be managed and treated in analogue to municipal solid waste (MSW). In most of the European countries decentralised hospital incinerators have been, because of high operation costs and pollution problems, widely banned and replaced by pre-treatment technologies at the source and centralised incineration plants for hazardous MW. Information for adapting and further developing MW management solutions and treatment technologies in China and applying the most appropriate MWM practice is provided.
    乙烯急冷-延迟焦化集成节能流程
    曹新波;汤志刚;段占庭;袁乃驹
    . 2006, 6(2):  267-271. 
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    提出了一种新的高温气体余热回收方法?利用余热作为吸热化学反应的热源,使余热物理 转化为反应产物所增加的化学 . 作为实例,提出了利用延迟焦化反应回收乙烯裂解气余热的新工艺?乙烯急冷-延迟焦化集成节能流程. 结果表明,对于产60 kt/a乙烯的单台裂解炉,可配套处理量为880 kt/a的延迟焦化装置,并使裂解气急冷过程的 回收率由64.0%提高到74.4%. 该工艺具有设备投资低、稳定运行周期长等优点.
    4-氨基吡啶合成过程的绿色评价
    郭玉良;胡熙恩
    . 2006, 6(2):  272-276. 
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    采用原子利用率、环境因子和环境商以及GREENSCOPE法对4-氨基吡啶的不同合成工艺过程进行了绿色评价. 与传统的铁粉还原和催化氢化过程相比,电化学还原方法具有明显的优势:工艺操作简单,反应收率高,生产成本低,具有环境友好和可持续性. 采用电化学方法还原硝基化合物制备氨基化合物符合绿色化学发展的趋势,满足可持续发展要求,在精细化工领域具有良好的应用前景.
    生化工程专栏
    普通小球藻异养-光自养串联培养的培养基
    李兴武;李元广;沈国敏;杨东
    . 2006, 6(2):  277-280. 
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    采用单因素实验和均匀实验获得了适合于普通小球藻异养-光自养串联培养的培养基(HA-SK培养基),其关键是C/N比和保证足够的C, N供应. 采用该培养基在摇瓶中异养-光自养串联培养普通小球藻,异养培养结束时细胞密度达13.17 g/L,经过36 h光自养培养后藻体蛋白质和叶绿素含量分别达49.75%和30.17 mg/g. 用5 L生物反应器和1 L平板光生物反应器串联培养,藻细胞密度最高可达15.36 g/L,藻体蛋白质和叶绿素含量分别达54.78%和31.23 mg/g. 表明采用HA-SK培养基进行异养-光自养串联培养可实现普通小球藻的高密度高品质培养.
    抗氯霉素卵黄抗体的制备及其分离纯化
    吴媛媛;包永明;李晓晖;修志龙
    . 2006, 6(2):  281-284. 
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    将合成的氯霉素(CAP)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的偶联物(CAP-BSA)作为免疫抗原注射到母鸡体内得到氯霉素卵黄抗体(IgY). 比较了不同的提取方法,用优化的辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀法从卵黄液中初步提取卵黄抗体. 选用3,3¢-二氨丙基亚胺(DADPA)作为亲和凝胶与配基氯霉素之间的"间隔臂",合成了分离纯化抗氯霉素特异性IgY的亲和层析柱. 将IgY粗品经过亲和层析柱,得到的特异性IgY的抗体活性提高了10倍,收率约为3.3%.
    过滤法分离纯化透明质酸
    盛瑞堂;孙猛;谭天伟
    . 2006, 6(2):  285-288. 
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    针对透明质酸的分离纯化,提出了用过滤法分离纯化透明质酸的工艺. 首先以20 g/L的溶解浓度将透明质酸粗品溶于去离子水中,并加入硅藻土作为吸附剂,调节溶液pH至4.6~4.8;然后采用硅藻土过滤、滤板过滤、超滤,用乙醇结晶后可得葡萄糖醛酸含量高达44.2%的透明质酸. 该工艺已成功应用于工业生产,所得产品的葡萄糖醛酸含量达47.3%,蛋白质含量为0.01%,相对分子量可达110万,收率高达90.5%.
    材料工程专栏
    Preparation and Characterization of Copolymer Micelles Formed by Poly(ethylene glycol)-Polylactide Block Copolymers as Novel Drug Carriers
    姜维;王运东;甘泉;张建铮;赵秀文;费维扬;贝建中;王身国
    . 2006, 6(2):  289-295. 
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    Diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-polylactide (MePEG-PLA) micelles were prepared by dialysis against water. Indomethacin (IMC) as a model drug was entrapped into the micelles by dialysis method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the prepared micelles in distilled water investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy was 0.0051 mg/mL which is lower than that of common low molecular weight surfactants. The diameters of MePEG-PLA micelles and IMC loaded MePEG-PLA micelles in number-averaged scale measured by dynamic light scattering were 52.4 and 53.7 nm respectively. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope observation showed that the appearance of MePEG-PLA micelles was in a spherical shape. The content of IMC incorporated in the core portion of the micelles was 18 wt.%. The effects of the synthesis method of the copolymer on the polydispersity of the micelles and the yield of the micelles formation were discussed.
    Microstructure and Phase Behavior of Cationic Gemini/Anionic Polyelectrolyte/Water Ternary System
    皮瑛瑛;尚亚卓;彭昌军;刘洪来
    . 2006, 6(2):  296-301. 
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    The microstructure of cationic gemini surfactant 1,6-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) hexane dibromide [C12H25(CH3)2N-(CH2)6-N(CH3)2C12H25×2Br] (12-6-12×2Br-) and oppositely charged polyelectrolyte poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) (NaPA) in aqueous solution has been studied by using fluorescence, conductivity measurement, freeze-etching and TEM. The data obtained from fluorescence and conductivity measurement show that micelle-like or complex can form between the gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and polyelectrolyte NaPA due to the static electric interaction and hydrophobic forces. Through freeze-etching and TEM, the microstructure of the mixture solution has been studied, which is consistent with the result from micropolarity. Comparing the fluorescence spectrum of system of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and NaPA with that of system of gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA, it can be found that the interaction between gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA is stronger than that between DTAB and NaPA. And the phase behavior of (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA in aqueous solution has also been detected. It can be shown that the precipitate will transform into gel in higher NaPA concentration.
    Recycling and Activity Recovery of Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid as Catalyst for Alkylation of Benzene with 1-Dodecene
    乔聪震;李成岳
    . 2006, 6(2):  302-307. 
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    Performances of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium aluminium chloride ([BMIM]Cl-AlCl3) ionic liquid as catalyst for the alkylation of benzene with long chain olefins were investigated in a continuous operation mode. A small pilot plant with continuous mixing-reacting-separating-recycling functions, equipped with a static mixer reactor, a tube packed with metal Al thread and a combined liquid-liquid settling phase separator, was introduced as an alternative. The results showed that the continuous fast mixing and separation of ionic liquid catalyst from reactant mixture could be synchronously accomplished within a wider flow rate ratio range of the recycling reaction mixture to the ionic liquid catalyst. The recycling of chloroaluminate ionic liquid was realized. ICP-AES detection results of Al content in the reactants proves that in-situ Al compensation to the reaction system may be an important choice to prolong the stable running time of moisture-sensitive ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl-AlCl3 when feedstock inevitably contains trace water. It suggests that the activity of chloroaluminate ionic liquid is recovered under the in-situ Al compensation operation.
    气相法二氧化硅/高温硅橡胶补强体系动态流变性能
    何颖;李春忠;程起林
    . 2006, 6(2):  308-313. 
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    采用橡胶加工分析仪,在一定的温度和频率下,分析了不同性质结构的气相法纳米二氧化硅在高温硅橡胶中的聚集体网络结构差异,以及聚集体网络对填充胶动态流变性能的影响. 研究发现,高分支结构聚集体填充胶具有较高的剪切模量及损耗模量,对应变的依赖性大,补强作用好.
    聚合物乳液改性含钛高炉渣免烧砖
    孔祥文;王丹;隋智通;涂赣峰
    . 2006, 6(2):  314-318. 
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    用聚苯乙烯乳液、聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液和苯丙乳液等改性含钛高炉渣浆分别得到免烧免蒸砖试样. 考察了影响试样性能的主要因素和改性机理. 结果表明,聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液改性渣浆试样性能较好,苯丙乳液改性效果最好. 当含钛高炉渣为72%(w,下同)、苯丙乳液为10%、添加剂为18%、成型压力为30 MPa、养护时间为7 d时,渣浆试样的抗压强度和抗折强度分别达到37.7和13.9 MPa. 机理探索表明,苯丙乳液中酸根离子与渣浆中金属离子交联生成了金属络合物.
    SiCw增强NiFe2O4基惰性阳极材料的力学性能
    张淑婷;姚广春;刘宜汉
    . 2006, 6(2):  319-322. 
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    为改善铝电解惰性阳极用NiFe2O4尖晶石材料存在的不足,采用固态合成法制备了SiCw/NiFe2O4复合材料. 研究了SiCw添加量对体积密度、气孔率、冲击韧性、热震性等力学性能的影响,并与纯NiFe2O4尖晶石对比,利用扫描电子显微镜观察显微组织,分析了其性能差异的原因. 实验结果表明,添加SiCw可以显著改善NiFe2O4尖晶石的力学性能,含2% SiCw的试样冲击韧性比尖晶石提高了近65%;添加量为3%时抗弯强度比NiFe2O4尖晶石基体强度提高了近42%,经一次热震后强度保持率可提高15%,综合考虑SiCw添加量以3%为宜.
    水热合成法制备高长径比的银纳米线
    徐建;韩霞;周丽绘;刘洪来;胡英
    . 2006, 6(2):  323-326. 
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    以季铵盐型阳离子Gemini表面活性剂[C16H33(CH3)2N+(CH2)3N+(CH3)2C16H33]×2Br-(16-3-16)为结构导向剂和稳定剂,以六次甲基四胺为还原剂,用水热合成法由硝酸银制备了直径约30 nm、长约50 mm的银纳米线. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对制备产物的表征结果表明,所得银纳米线具有面心立方结构,并且是沿着{111}晶面生长的. 银纳米线的长度与反应时间有关,而直径则变化不大. 反应温度对产物的形貌有较大影响,在100和120℃下得到的是纳米线,而在150℃下得到的多为不规则的纳米颗粒.
    溶剂热法合成纳米级CoO粉体及其生长习性
    叶茵;袁方利;胡鹏;黎少华
    . 2006, 6(2):  327-330. 
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    以四水醋酸钴和无水乙醇为原料,采用溶剂热法在150℃制备了纳米晶体CoO. 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对产物进行了分析和表征. 结果表明,产物CoO晶体为面心立方结构,晶粒尺寸约为50 nm,大小均匀,分散性好. 研究了不同合成条件对CoO晶粒尺寸的影响,并分析了CoO的结晶习性,在低过饱和度条件下,CoO晶体因{111}晶面生长速度最慢而显露,因此它的形貌为八面体
    偶联剂与固化剂对煤矸石改性酚醛树脂制热固性塑料的影响
    王玉明;徐君;潘贻芳;袁章福
    . 2006, 6(2):  331-333. 
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    以廉价的煤矸石为主要原料,加入硅烷类偶联剂KH550、固化剂乌洛托品等改性物质对酚醛树脂进行改性处理,采用热压成形法制备了热固性酚醛模塑板. 对其部分机械性能和物理性能作了检测,发现固化剂的较佳用量为6%,偶联剂较佳用量为1.5%~2.0%,煤矸石中的有机质有利于改善材料性能,灰分较高的煤矸石对材料性能的改善较差. 所制板材除拉伸强度略低于国家标准外,其余所测指标都达到国家标准,说明煤矸石改性酚醛树脂的思路可行. 关键词:煤矸石;酚醛树脂;热固性塑料;改性
    综述
    微生物燃料电池的研究进展
    连静;冯雅丽;李浩然;杜竹玮
    . 2006, 6(2):  334-338. 
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    根据有无电子传递中间体的参与,微生物燃料电池可分为两大类:直接和间接微生物燃料电池. 简要介绍了其工作原理及发展历史,归纳了近年来国内外对这两种类型电池的研究现状,特别概括了直接微生物燃料电池的研究进展以及存在的问题和工作方向. 最后展望了微生物燃料电池的应用前景.