欢迎访问过程工程学报, 今天是

过程工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 396-410.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.222141

• 面向“双碳”目标的流程再造专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

离子液体中铝的电沉积及精炼

杨晓晴1,2， 郑勇3， 王倩1*， 杨倩1， 李玉2*， 李涛2， 任保增2
  

  1. 1. 中国科学院过程工程研究所绿色过程与工程重点实验室，多相复杂系统国家重点实验室，离子液体清洁过程北京市重点实验室，北京 100190 2. 郑州大学化工学院，河南 郑州 450001 3. 安阳工学院化学与环境工程学院，河南 安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-22 修回日期:2022-06-28 出版日期:2023-03-28 发布日期:2023-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 王倩 wangq@ipe.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:杨晓晴，硕士研究生，研究方向为离子液体在电化学中的应用，E-mail: 15824875736@163.com；通讯联系人，王倩，副研究员，离子液体专业，E-mail: wangq@ipe.ac.cn；李玉，高级实验师，研究绿色化工技术，E-mail: liyu@zzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    离子液体介导N2和CO2电催化合成尿素的基础研究;2021年产业技术基础公共服务平台-重点原材料行业碳达峰、碳中和公共服务平台项目

Aluminum electrodeposition and refining in ionic liquids

Xiaoqing YANG1,2,  Yong ZHENG3,  Qian WANG1*,  Qian YANG1,  Yu LI2*,  Tao LI2,  Baozeng REN2   

  1. 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2. School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China 3. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
  • Received:2022-04-22 Revised:2022-06-28 Online:2023-03-28 Published:2023-03-28
  • Contact: Qian Wang wangq@ipe.ac.cn

RichHTML

PDF

摘要： 国家的“双碳”目标对铝冶炼工业提出了新要求。针对传统Hall-héroult法生产铝存在高能耗、高排放的问题，我国将严守电解铝4500万吨“天花板”，积极开发铝再生技术，2025年实现再生铝产量由2020年的690万吨增至1150万吨。不论是电解制铝还是铝的再生精炼都需要在高温下进行，亟需低碳节能新技术的开发。离子液体中铝的电沉积能在<100℃下进行，能耗大大降低，且没有二氧化碳以及其他污染气体的排放，有望发展成为铝工业生产的一种新型绿色工艺。本综述按照阳离子结构对用于铝电沉积的离子液体体系进行分类，分别论述了相关研究进展，总结了以不同铝基材料作为阳极在离子液体中电解精炼铝的研究。最后，概括了铝电沉积用离子液体电解质体系的特性，并指出了存在的一些问题。

关键词: 离子液体, 铝, 电沉积, 精炼, 节能减排

Abstract: In 2020, China has already committed to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieves carbon neutrality before 2060. Due to the high energy consumption and carbon emission of the traditional Hall-héroult method of the aluminum electrolysis process, China strictly adheres to the production ceiling of 45 million tons of aluminum and actively develops the recycling technology of aluminum, reaching the output of the recycled aluminum up to 11.5 million tons by 2025 from 6.9 million in 2020. At present, both electrolysis and refining of aluminum are processed at high temperature. Thus, the developments of energy saving processes are required. Electrodeposition of aluminum in ionic liquids can proceed at the temperature below 100℃, which is expected to develop into a novel green technique due to its less energy consumption and no emission of carbon dioxide or other pollutants. In this review, the ionic liquids used for aluminum electrodeposition are classified according to the structure of cations, and the related research progress is reviewed respectively. In addition, the application of different anodes with aluminum as main component in electrolytic refining of aluminum in ionic liquids is also summarized. Finally, the characteristics of ionic liquid electrolyte for aluminum electrodeposition are concluded and some existing problems are pointed out.

Key words: ionic liquids, aluminum, electrodeposition, refining, energy conservation and emission reduction.