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过程工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 337-349.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.222150CSTR: 32067.14.jproeng.222150

• 面向“双碳”目标的流程再造专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

面向“双碳”目标流程的离子膜电渗析：机遇与挑战

王皝莹， 闫军营， 蒋晨啸， 陈秉伦， 汪耀明*， 徐铜文*   

  1. 中国科学技术大学应用化学系，安徽 合肥 239000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-29 修回日期:2022-06-02 出版日期:2023-03-28 发布日期:2023-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 徐铜文 twxu@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王皝莹，博士研究生，化学工程与技术专业，E-mail: why921@mail.ustc.edu.cn；通讯联系人，汪耀明，教授，研究离子交换膜及其应用过程，E-mail: ymwong@ustc.edu.cn；徐铜文，教授，研究膜科学与技术，E-mail: twxu@ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题;国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金

Electrodialysis of ion exchange membranes for the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets process: opportunities and challenges

Huangying WANG,  Junying YAN,  Chenxiao JIANG,  Binglun CHEN,  Yaoming WANG*,  Tongwen XU*   

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 239000, China
  • Received:2022-04-29 Revised:2022-06-02 Online:2023-03-28 Published:2023-03-28

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摘要： 逐渐加剧的温室效应以及高盐废水的大量排放给环境带来了很大的负担，碳达峰和碳中和政策要求形成绿色生产生活方式以及加强对资源综合利用，这对实现碳减排具有积极指导作用。而选择对高盐废水进行资源化回收的方式以及开发高效的碳捕捉技术有利于增强碳减排过程。离子膜电渗析因其独特的分离特性可实现对高盐废水的浓缩淡化、分离回用。为了降低温室效应，可采用淡化回收高盐废水和高效捕捉CO2相结合的方式降低CO2浓度，实现碳达峰和碳中和的目标以及对废水的零排放。本工作综述了以离子膜电渗析为基础的传统电渗析、双极膜电渗析、反向电渗析、置换电渗析、选择性电渗析和冲击电渗析等六种电渗析技术的工作原理，以及他们在碳捕捉转化和废水资源化方面的应用进展。展望了新型离子膜电渗析在处理高盐废水的应用前景，同时指出新型离子膜电渗析技术在降低碳排放方面的限制与挑战，最后为新型电渗析技术实现低碳排放提供新思路。

关键词: 离子膜, 电渗析, CO2, 高盐废水, 碳达峰, 碳中和

Abstract: The increasing greenhouse effect and the massive discharge of high-salt wastewater have put a great burden on the environment. The carbon peaking and carbon neutrality policies require the formation of a green production lifestyle and the strengthening of comprehensive utilization of resources, which has a positive guiding effect on achieving carbon emission reduction. The choice of recycling high-salt wastewater and the development of efficient carbon capture technologies can greatly enhance the carbon emission reduction process. Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis can realize the concentration, desalination and separation of high salt wastewater due to its unique separation characteristics. In order to reduce the greenhouse effect, the combination of desalination, recycling of high-salt wastewater and efficient capture of carbon dioxide could be implied to reduce concentration of carbon dioxide, further achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and zero discharge of wastewater. Therefore, six types of electrodialysis technologies based on ion membrane electrodialysis including conventional electrodialysis, bipolar membrane electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, electrodialysis metathesis, selective electrodialysis, and shock electrodialysis were introduced as well as their application progress in carbon capture and conversion and wastewater resource recovery were reviewed in this work. In the meantime, the application prospects of the new ion exchange membrane electrodialysis technologies in the treatment of high salt wastewater were prospected, and the limitations and challenges of the new ion exchange membrane electrodialysis technologies in the aspects of reducing carbon emission were pointed out. Finally, new ideas for the new electrodialysis technologies to achieve carbon emission reduction were provided.

Key words: ion exchange membrane, electrodialysis, carbon dioxide, high-salinity wastewater, carbon peak, carbon neutrality