欢迎访问过程工程学报, 今天是

过程工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (9): 1231-1243.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.222413

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂硫电池中多硫化锂捕获研究进展

胡婷婷1,2， 刘海建1,3， 陈云逸1,3， 刘伶俐4， 戴春爱2， 韩永生1,3*   

  1. 1. 中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京 100190 2. 北京交通大学物理科学与工程学院，北京 100044 3. 中国科学院大学化工学院，北京 100049 4. 合肥学院能源材料与化工学院，安徽 合肥 230601
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-08 修回日期:2023-01-14 出版日期:2023-09-28 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 韩永生 yshan@ipe.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目;多相复杂系统国家重点实验室项目

Research progress of lithium polysulfide capture in lithium-sulfur batteries

Tingting HU1,2,  Haijian LIU1,3,  Yunyi CHEN1,3,  Lingli LIU4,  Chun'ai DAI2,  Yongsheng HAN1,3*   

  1. 1. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2. School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China 3. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4. School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, Anhui 230601 China
  • Received:2022-11-08 Revised:2023-01-14 Online:2023-09-28 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Yongsheng Han yshan@ipe.ac.cn

RichHTML

PDF

摘要： 锂硫电池具有超高的理论比容量(1675 mAh/g)和理论比能量(2600 Wh/kg)，并且单质硫在地球中的储量丰富、价格低廉、提取过程对环境友好，因此，锂硫电池被认为是未来储能系统的理想储能单元。然而，锂硫电池在充放电过程产生的多硫化锂中间体易溶于电解液，导致电解液的黏度增加，离子导电性降低。此外，溶解的多硫化锂通过在正负极之间迁移，与锂负极发生反应，产生严重的穿梭效应，造成活性物质硫的不可逆损失，极大地降低了电池的寿命和安全性，也阻碍了锂硫电池的商业化进程。近年来人们通过物理吸附、化学作用及外场约束等策略来攻关这一难题，并取得较好的结果。本文总结了物理、化学、外场三种捕获多硫化锂方法的研究进展，讨论了每种方法捕获多硫化锂的特点及其对锂硫电池电化学性能的影响，并对其未来发展进行了展望。

关键词: 锂硫电池, 多硫化锂, 穿梭效应, 电化学性能

Abstract: Lithium-sulfur battery has an ultra-high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh/g) and theoretical specific energy (2600 Wh/kg), which is far higher than commercial secondary batteries. In addition, the sulfur element is rich in the earth, and its price is cheap, the extraction process is environmentally friendly. Therefore, a lithium-sulfur battery is considered as an ideal energy storage unit for the future energy storage system. However, the lithium polysulfide intermediates generated in the charging and discharging process are easily soluble in the electrolyte, resulting in a loss of active materials and an increase in the electrolyte viscosity. In addition, the dissolved lithium polysulfide is inclined to migrate between positive and negative electrodes, and reacts with the lithium negative electrode, causing irreversible loss of active substance sulfur, greatly reducing the battery life and safety. This phenomenon is called the shuttle effect, which hinders the commercialization process of lithium-sulfur batteries. In recent years, researchers have attempted to solve this problem through physical adsorption, chemical action, and external field constraint, and achieved impressive progress. This work summarizes the research progress of capturing lithium polysulfide, and compares the characteristics of each approach and its impact on the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. Whether it is the physical constraint of the porous structure of carbon materials, the chemical interaction between the carrier materials and lithium polysulfide, or the adsorption of electric and magnetic fields on lithium polysulfide, lithium polysulfide is fixed on the positive side and to inhibit its dissolution and diffusion to the negative electrode. Capturing lithium polysulfide by external magnetic field, internal magnetic field induced by magnetic particles, and internal electric field generated by spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric materials is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges in capturing lithium polysulfide and the possible solution are prospected.

Key words: lithium-sulfur battery, lithium polysulfide, shuttle effect, electrochemical performance