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过程工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 799-808.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.217381

• 材料工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

静电纺丝纤维滤材表征及其气液过滤性能

齐强强1,3， 吴小林1,3， 陈 锋2,3， 姬忠礼2,3*   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学(北京)化学工程学院，北京 102249
    2. 中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院，北京 102249
    3. 中国石油大学(北京)过程流体过滤与分离技术北京市重点实验室，北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-02 修回日期:2017-12-04 出版日期:2018-08-22 发布日期:2018-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 齐强强 506160474@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    天然气净化用气液聚结滤芯过滤分离机理研究

The characterization of electrospun fibers and its gas?liquid filtration performance

Qiangqiang QI1,3, Xiaolin WU1,3, Feng CHEN2,3, Zhongli JI2,3*   

  1. 1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
    2. College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
    3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2017-11-02 Revised:2017-12-04 Online:2018-08-22 Published:2018-08-15

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摘要： 以聚丙烯腈与二甲基甲酰胺为原料配制纺丝溶液，采用静电纺丝技术制备玻璃纤维/聚丙烯腈纤维/玻璃纤维三层复合滤材，研究了纺丝溶液浓度与纺丝电压等参数对纤维形貌及尺寸的影响，分析了复合滤材的过滤性能. 结果表明，控制不同纺丝溶液浓度可得形貌不同的纤维，且溶液浓度越大纤维尺寸越大；纺丝电压对纤维形貌的影响较小，但增加纺丝电压使静电纺纤维层的孔径减小. 相比玻璃纤维滤材，复合滤材过滤效率明显提升，稳态效率最大可提升21%，最易穿透粒径效率最大可提升39%，但复合滤材孔径较小时，过程压降增加了一段跳跃阶段，纳米纤维层表面形成液膜，使复合滤材稳态压降升高.

关键词: 静电纺丝, 聚丙烯腈, 纳米纤维, 复合滤材, 气液过滤

Abstract: 3-Layers composite filters with glass fiber/polyacrylonitrile fiber/glass fiber structure were constructed by electrospinning the solutions prepared by polyacrylonitrile and dimethylformamide. The effects of electrospinning parameters such as solution concentration and spinning voltage on fiber morphology and the filtration performance were investigated. The results showed that nanofibers of different morphologies can be prepared by controlling the concentration of spinning solution, and the larger the fiber size with increasing the solution concentration. The spinning voltage had little effect on fiber morphology, but increasing spinning voltage can reduce the pore size of the electrospun fiber layer. Compared with glass fiber filter, the filtration efficiency of composite filters were improved significantly. The maximum steady-state efficiency can be increased by 21%, and the efficiency of most penetrate paticles size can be increased by 39%. However, when the pore size of composite filter was small, the process pressure drop showed a jump stage where the liquid film is formed on the surface of the nanofiber layer, leading to an increase in the stady-state pressure drop.

Key words: electrospinning, polyacrylonitrile, nanofiber, composite filter, gas-liquid filtration